Sutta Pitaka
Dīgha Nikāya – The Long Discourses
DN26: Cakkavatti-Sīhanāda Sutta – The Wheel-Turning Monarch
- © Translated from the Pali by Bhante Sujato. (More copyright information)
1. Taking Refuge in Oneself
1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying in the land of the Magadhans at Mātulā. There the Buddha addressed the mendicants: “Mendicants!”
“Venerable sir,” they replied. The Buddha said this:
2“Mendicants, be your own island, your own refuge, with no other refuge. Let the teaching be your island and your refuge, with no other refuge. And how does a mendicant do this? They meditate observing an aspect of the body — keen, aware, and mindful, rid of desire and aversion for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles — keen, aware, and mindful, rid of desire and aversion for the world. That’s how a mendicant is their own island, their own refuge, with no other refuge. That’s how they let the teaching be their island and their refuge, with no other refuge.
3You should roam inside your own territory, the domain of your fathers. If you roam inside your own territory, the domain of your fathers, Māra won’t catch you or get hold of you. It is due to undertaking skillful qualities that this merit grows.
2. King Daḷhanemi
4Once upon a time, mendicants, there was a king named Daḷhanemi who was a wheel-turning monarch, a just and principled king. His dominion extended to all four sides, he achieved stability in the country, and he possessed the seven treasures. He had the following seven treasures: the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure. He had over a thousand sons who were valiant and heroic, crushing the armies of his enemies. After conquering this land girt by sea, he reigned by principle, without rod or sword.
5Then, after many years, many hundred years, many thousand years had passed, King Daḷhanemi addressed one of his men, ‘My good man, when you see that the heavenly wheel-treasure has receded back from its place, please tell me.’
‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied that man.
After many thousand years had passed, that man saw that the heavenly wheel-treasure had receded back from its place. So he went to King Daḷhanemi and said, ‘Please sire, you should know that your heavenly wheel-treasure has receded back from its place.’
So the king summoned the crown prince and said, ‘Dear prince, my heavenly wheel-treasure has receded back from its place. I’ve heard that when this happens to a wheel-turning monarch, he does not have long to live. I have enjoyed human pleasures. Now it is time for me to seek heavenly pleasures. Come, dear prince, rule this land surrounded by ocean! I shall shave off my hair and beard, dress in ocher robes, and go forth from the lay life to homelessness.’
6And so, after carefully instructing the crown prince in kingship, King Daḷhanemi shaved off his hair and beard, dressed in ocher robes, and went forth from the lay life to homelessness. Seven days later the heavenly wheel-treasure vanished.
7Then a certain man approached the newly anointed aristocrat king and said, ‘Please sire, you should know that the heavenly wheel-treasure has vanished.’ At that the king was unhappy and experienced unhappiness. He went to the royal sage and said, ‘Please sire, you should know that the heavenly wheel-treasure has vanished.’
When he said this, the royal sage said to him: ‘Don’t be unhappy at the vanishing of the wheel-treasure. My dear, the wheel-treasure is not inherited from your father. Come now, my dear, implement the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch. If you do so, it’s possible that — on a fifteenth day sabbath, having bathed your head and gone upstairs in the stilt longhouse to observe the sabbath — the heavenly wheel-treasure will appear to you, with a thousand spokes, with rim and hub, complete in every detail.’
2.1. The Noble Duties of a Wheel-Turning Monarch
8‘But sire, what are the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch?’
‘Well then, my dear, relying only on principle — honoring, respecting, and venerating principle, having principle as your flag, banner, and authority — provide just protection and security for your court, troops, aristocrats, vassals, brahmins and householders, people of town and country, ascetics and brahmins, beasts and birds. Do not let injustice prevail in the realm. Pay money to the penniless in the realm.
And there are ascetics and brahmins in the realm who avoid intoxication and negligence, are settled in patience and gentleness, and who tame, calm, and extinguish themselves. From time to time you should go up to them and ask: “Sirs, what is skillful? What is unskillful? What is blameworthy? What is blameless? What should be cultivated? What should not be cultivated? Doing what leads to my lasting harm and suffering? Doing what leads to my lasting welfare and happiness?” Having heard them, you should reject what is unskillful and undertake and follow what is skillful.
These are the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch.’
2.2. The Wheel-Treasure Appears
9‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied the new king to the royal sage. And he implemented the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch.
While he was implementing them, on a fifteenth day sabbath, he had bathed his head and gone upstairs in the stilt longhouse to observe the sabbath. And the heavenly wheel-treasure appeared to him, with a thousand spokes, with rim and hub, complete in every detail. Seeing this, the king thought, ‘I have heard that when the heavenly wheel-treasure appears to a king in this way, he becomes a wheel-turning monarch. Am I then a wheel-turning monarch?’
10Then the anointed king, rising from his seat and arranging his robe over one shoulder, took a ceremonial vase in his left hand and besprinkled the wheel-treasure with his right hand, saying, ‘Roll forth, O wheel-treasure! Triumph, O wheel-treasure!’
11Then the wheel-treasure rolled towards the east. And the king followed it together with his army of four divisions. In whatever place the wheel-treasure stood still, there the king came to stay together with his army. And any opposing rulers of the eastern quarter came to the wheel-turning monarch and said, ‘Come, great king! Welcome, great king! We are yours, great king, instruct us.’ The wheel-turning monarch said, ‘Do not kill living creatures. Do not steal. Do not commit sexual misconduct. Do not lie. Do not drink alcohol. Maintain the current level of taxation.’ And so the opposing rulers of the eastern quarter became his vassals.
12Then the wheel-treasure, having plunged into the eastern ocean and emerged again, rolled towards the south. … Having plunged into the southern ocean and emerged again, it rolled towards the west. …
13Having plunged into the western ocean and emerged again, it rolled towards the north, followed by the king together with his army of four divisions. In whatever place the wheel-treasure stood still, there the king came to stay together with his army. And any opposing rulers of the northern quarter came to the wheel-turning monarch and said, ‘Come, great king! Welcome, great king! We are yours, great king, instruct us.’ The wheel-turning monarch said, ‘Do not kill living creatures. Do not steal. Do not commit sexual misconduct. Do not lie. Do not drink alcohol. Maintain the current level of taxation.’ And so the rulers of the northern quarter became his vassals.
14And then the wheel-treasure, having triumphed over this land surrounded by ocean, returned to the royal capital. There it stood still by the gate to the royal compound at the High Court as if fixed to an axle, illuminating the royal compound.
3. On Subsequent Wheel-Turning Monarchs
15-17And for a second time, and a third, a fourth, a fifth, a sixth, and a seventh time, a wheel-turning monarch was established in exactly the same way. And after many years the seventh wheel-turning monarch went forth, handing the realm over to the crown prince.
Seven days later the heavenly wheel-treasure vanished.
18Then a certain man approached the newly anointed aristocrat king and said, ‘Please sire, you should know that the heavenly wheel-treasure has vanished.’ At that the king was unhappy and experienced unhappiness. But he didn’t go to the royal sage and ask about the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch. He just governed the country according to his own ideas. So governed, the nations did not prosper like before, as they had when former kings implemented the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch.
19Then the ministers and counselors, the treasury officials, military officers, guardsmen, and advisers gathered and said to the king, ‘Sire, when governed according to your own ideas, the nations do not prosper like before, as they did when former kings implemented the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch. In your realm are found ministers and counselors, treasury officials, military officers, guardsmen, and advisers — both ourselves and others — who remember the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch. Please, Your Majesty, ask us about the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch. We will answer you.’
4. On the Period of Decline
20So the anointed king asked the assembled ministers and counselors, treasury officials, military officers, guardsmen, and advisers about the noble duties of a wheel-turning monarch. And they answered him. But after listening to them, he didn’t provide just protection and security. Nor did he pay money to the penniless in the realm. And so poverty grew widespread.
When poverty was widespread, a certain person stole from others, with the intention to commit theft. They arrested him and presented him to the king, saying, ‘Your Majesty, this person stole from others with the intention to commit theft.’
The king said to that person, ‘Is it really true, mister, that you stole from others with the intention to commit theft?’
‘It’s true, sire.’
‘What was the reason?’
‘Sire, I can’t survive.’
So the king paid some money to that person, saying, ‘With this money, mister, keep yourself alive, and provide for your mother and father, partners and children. Work for a living, and establish an uplifting religious donation for ascetics and brahmins that’s conducive to heaven, ripens in happiness, and leads to heaven.’
‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied that man.
21But then another man stole something from others. They arrested him and presented him to the king, saying, ‘Your Majesty, this person stole from others.’
The king said to that person, ‘Is it really true, mister, that you stole from others?’
‘It’s true, sire.’
‘What was the reason?’
‘Sire, I can’t survive.’
So the king paid some money to that person, saying, ‘With this money, mister, keep yourself alive, and provide for your mother and father, partners and children. Work for a living, and establish an uplifting religious donation for ascetics and brahmins that’s conducive to heaven, ripens in happiness, and leads to heaven.’
‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ replied that man.
22People heard about this: ‘It seems the king is paying money to anyone who steals from others!’ It occurred to them, ‘Why don’t we steal from others?’ So then another man stole something from others.
They arrested him and presented him to the king, saying, ‘Your Majesty, this person stole from others.’
The king said to that person, ‘Is it really true, mister, that you stole from others?’
‘It’s true, sire.’
‘What was the reason?’
‘Sire, I can’t survive.’
Then the king thought, ‘If I pay money to anyone who steals from others, it will only increase the stealing. I’d better make an end of this person, finish him off, and chop off his head.’
Then he ordered his men, ‘Well then, my men, tie this man’s arms tightly behind his back with a strong rope. Shave his head and march him from street to street and square to square to the beating of a harsh drum. Then take him out the south gate and make an end of him, finish him off, and chop off his head.’
‘Yes, Your Majesty,’ they replied, and did as he commanded.
23People heard about this: ‘It seems the king is chopping the head off anyone who steals from others!’ It occurred to them, ‘We’d better have sharp swords made. Then when we steal from others, we’ll make an end of them, finish them off, and chop off their heads.’ They had sharp swords made. Then they started to make raids on villages, towns, and cities, and to infest the highways. And they chopped the heads off anyone they stole from.
24And so, mendicants, from not paying money to the penniless, poverty became widespread. When poverty was widespread, theft became widespread. When theft was widespread, swords became widespread. When swords were widespread, killing living creatures became widespread. And for the sentient beings among whom killing was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people lived for 80, 000 years, but their children lived for 40, 000 years.
25Among the people who lived for 40, 000 years, a certain person stole something from others. They arrested him and presented him to the king, saying, ‘Your Majesty, this person stole from others.’
The king said to that person, ‘Is it really true, mister, that you stole from others?’
‘No, sire,’ he said, deliberately lying.
26And so, mendicants, from not paying money to the penniless, poverty, theft, swords, and killing became widespread. When killing was widespread, lying became widespread. And for the sentient beings among whom lying was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 40, 000 years had children who lived for 20, 000 years.
27Among the people who lived for 20, 000 years, a certain person stole something from others. Someone else reported this to the king, ‘Your Majesty, such-and-such person stole from others,’ he said, going behind his back.
28And so, mendicants, from not paying money to the penniless, poverty, theft, swords, killing, and lying became widespread. When lying was widespread, backbiting became widespread. And for the sentient beings among whom backbiting was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 20, 000 years had children who lived for 10, 000 years.
29Among the people who lived for 10, 000 years, some were more beautiful than others. And the ugly beings, coveting the beautiful ones, committed adultery with others’ wives.
30And so, mendicants, from not paying money to the penniless, poverty, theft, swords, killing, lying, and backbiting became widespread. When backbiting was widespread, sexual misconduct became widespread. And for the sentient beings among whom sexual misconduct was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 10, 000 years had children who lived for 5, 000 years.
31Among the people who lived for 5, 000 years, two things became widespread: harsh speech and talking nonsense. For the sentient beings among whom these two things were widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 5, 000 years had some children who lived for 2, 500 years, while others lived for 2, 000 years.
32Among the people who lived for 2, 500 years, desire and ill will became widespread. For the sentient beings among whom desire and ill will were widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 2, 500 years had children who lived for 1, 000 years.
33Among the people who lived for 1, 000 years, wrong view became widespread. For the sentient beings among whom wrong view was widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for 1, 000 years had children who lived for five hundred years.
34Among the people who lived for five hundred years, three things became widespread: illicit desire, immoral greed, and wrong thoughts. For the sentient beings among whom these three things were widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for five hundred years had some children who lived for two hundred and fifty years, while others lived for two hundred years.
35Among the people who lived for two hundred and fifty years, three things became widespread: lack of due respect for mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, and failure to honor the elders in the family.
36And so, mendicants, from not paying money to the penniless, all these things became widespread — poverty, theft, swords, killing, lying, backbiting, sexual misconduct, harsh speech and talking nonsense, desire and ill will, wrong view, illicit desire, immoral greed, and wrong thoughts, and lack of due respect for mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, and failure to honor the elders in the family. For the sentient beings among whom these things were widespread, their lifespan and beauty declined. Those people who lived for two hundred and fifty years had children who lived for a hundred years.
5. When People Live for Ten Years
37There will come a time, mendicants, when these people will have children who live for ten years. Among the people who live for ten years, girls will be marriageable at five. The following flavors will disappear: ghee, butter, oil, honey, molasses, and salt. The best kind of food will be finger millet, just as fine rice with meat is the best kind of food today.
38The ten ways of doing skillful deeds will totally disappear, and the ten ways of doing unskillful deeds will explode in popularity. Those people will not even have the word ‘skillful’, still less anyone who does what is skillful. And anyone who disrespects mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, and fails to honor the elders in the family will be venerated and praised, just as the opposite is venerated and praised today.
There’ll be no recognition of the status of mother, aunts, or wives and partners of teachers and respected people. The world will become promiscuous, like goats and sheep, chickens and pigs, and dogs and jackals.
39They’ll be full of hostility towards each other, with acute ill will, malevolence, and thoughts of murder. Even a mother will feel like this for her child, and the child for its mother, father for child, child for father, brother for sister, and sister for brother. They’ll be just like a deer hunter when he sees a deer — full of hostility, ill will, malevolence, and thoughts of killing.
40Among the people who live for ten years, there will be an interregnum of swords lasting seven days. During that time they will see each other as beasts. Sharp swords will appear in their hands, with which they’ll take each other’s life, crying, ‘It’s a beast! It’s a beast!’
41But then some of those beings will think, ‘Let us neither be perpetrators nor victims! Why don’t we hide in thick grass, thick jungle, thick trees, inaccessible riverlands, or rugged mountains and survive on forest roots and fruits?’ So that’s what they do.
42When those seven days have passed, having emerged from their hiding places and embraced each other, they will come together in one voice and cry, ‘How fantastic, dear being, you live! How fantastic, dear being, you live!’
6. The Period of Growth
43Then those beings will think, ‘It’s because we undertook unskillful things that we suffered such an extensive loss of our relatives. We’d better do what’s skillful. What skillful thing should we do? Why don’t we refrain from killing living creatures? Having undertaken this skillful thing we’ll live by it.’ So that’s what they do. Because of undertaking this skillful thing, their lifespan and beauty will grow. Those people who live for ten years will have children who live for twenty years.
44Then those beings will think, ‘Because of undertaking this skillful thing, our lifespan and beauty are growing. Why don’t we do even more skillful things? What skillful thing should we do? Why don’t we refrain from stealing … sexual misconduct … lying … backbiting … harsh speech … and talking nonsense. Why don’t we give up covetousness … ill will … wrong view … three things: illicit desire, immoral greed, and wrong thoughts. Why don’t we pay due respect to mother and father, ascetics and brahmins, honoring the elders in our families? Having undertaken this skillful thing we’ll live by it.’ So that’s what they do.
45Because of undertaking this skillful thing, their lifespan and beauty will grow. Those people who live for twenty years will have children who live for forty years. Those people who live for forty years will have children who live for eighty years, then a hundred and sixty years, three hundred and twenty years, six hundred and forty years, 2, 000 years, 4, 000 years, 8, 000 years, 20, 000 years, 40, 000 years, and finally 80, 000 years. Among the people who live for 80, 000 years, girls will be marriageable at five hundred.
7. The Time of King Saṅkha
46Among the people who live for 80, 000 years, there will be just three afflictions: greed, starvation, and old age. India will be successful and prosperous. The villages, towns, and capital cities will be no more than a chicken’s flight apart. And the land will be as crowded as hell, just full of people, like a thicket of rushes or reeds. The royal capital will be our Benares, but renamed Ketumati. And it will be successful, prosperous, populous, full of people, with plenty of food. There will be 84, 000 cities in India, with the royal capital of Ketumati foremost.
And in the royal capital of Ketumati a king named Saṅkha will arise, a wheel-turning monarch, a just and principled king. His dominion will extend to all four sides, he will achieve stability in the country, and possess the seven treasures. He will have the following seven treasures: the wheel, the elephant, the horse, the jewel, the woman, the treasurer, and the counselor as the seventh treasure. He will have over a thousand sons who are valiant and heroic, crushing the armies of his enemies. After conquering this land girt by sea, he will reign by principle, without rod or sword.
8. The Arising of the Buddha Metteyya
47And the Blessed One named Metteyya will arise in the world — perfected, a fully awakened Buddha, accomplished in knowledge and conduct, holy, knower of the world, supreme guide for those who wish to train, teacher of gods and humans, awakened, blessed — just as I have arisen today. He will realize with his own insight this world — with its gods, Māras and Brahmās, this population with its ascetics and brahmins, gods and humans — and make it known to others, just as I do today. He will teach the Dhamma that’s good in the beginning, good in the middle, and good in the end, meaningful and well-phrased. And he will reveal a spiritual practice that’s entirely full and pure, just as I do today. He will look after a Saṅgha of many thousand mendicants, just as I look after a Saṅgha of many hundreds today.
48Then King Saṅkha will have the sacrificial post that had been built by King Mahāpanāda raised up. After staying there, he will give it away to ascetics and brahmins, paupers, vagrants, travelers, and beggars. Then, having shaved off his hair and beard and dressed in ocher robes, he will go forth from the lay life to homelessness in the Buddha Metteyya’s presence. Soon after going forth, living withdrawn, diligent, keen, and resolute, he will realize the supreme end of the spiritual path in this very life. He will live having achieved with his own insight the goal for which gentlemen rightly go forth from the lay life to homelessness.
49Mendicants, be your own island, your own refuge, with no other refuge. Let the teaching be your island and your refuge, with no other refuge. And how does a mendicant do this? It’s when a mendicant meditates by observing an aspect of the body — keen, aware, and mindful, rid of desire and aversion for the world. They meditate observing an aspect of feelings … mind … principles — keen, aware, and mindful, rid of desire and aversion for the world. That’s how a mendicant is their own island, their own refuge, with no other refuge. That’s how they let the teaching be their island and their refuge, with no other refuge.
9. On Long Life and Beauty for Mendicants
50Mendicants, you should roam inside your own territory, the domain of your fathers. Doing so, you will grow in life span, beauty, happiness, wealth, and power.
51And what is long life for a mendicant? It’s when a mendicant develops the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to enthusiasm, and active effort. They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to energy, and active effort. They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to mental development, and active effort. They develop the basis of psychic power that has immersion due to inquiry, and active effort. Having developed and cultivated these four bases of psychic power they may, if they wish, live on for the eon or what’s left of the eon. This is long life for a mendicant.
52And what is beauty for a mendicant? It’s when a mendicant is ethical, restrained in the monastic code, conducting themselves well and seeking alms in suitable places. Seeing danger in the slightest fault, they keep the rules they’ve undertaken. This is beauty for a mendicant.
53And what is happiness for a mendicant? It’s when a mendicant, quite secluded from sensual pleasures, secluded from unskillful qualities, enters and remains in the first absorption, which has the rapture and bliss born of seclusion, while placing the mind and keeping it connected. As the placing of the mind and keeping it connected are stilled, they enter and remain in the second absorption … third absorption … fourth absorption. This is happiness for a mendicant.
54And what is wealth for a mendicant? It’s when a monk meditates spreading a heart full of love to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, they spread a heart full of love to the whole world — abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will. They meditate spreading a heart full of compassion … rejoicing … equanimity to one direction, and to the second, and to the third, and to the fourth. In the same way above, below, across, everywhere, all around, they spread a heart full of equanimity to the whole world — abundant, expansive, limitless, free of enmity and ill will. This is wealth for a mendicant.
55And what is power for a mendicant? It’s when a mendicant realizes the undefiled freedom of heart and freedom by wisdom in this very life. And they live having realized it with their own insight due to the ending of defilements. This is power for a mendicant.
56Mendicants, I do not see a single power so hard to defeat as the power of Māra. It is due to undertaking skillful qualities that this merit grows.”
57That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the mendicants were happy with what the Buddha said.
1. Attadīpasaraṇatā
1Evaṁ me sutaṁ — ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā magadhesu viharati mātulāyaṁ. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi: "bhikkhavo"ti.
"Bhaddante"ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṁ. Bhagavā etadavoca:
2"Attadīpā, bhikkhave, viharatha attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā. Kathañca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu attadīpo viharati attasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo, dhammadīpo dhammasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī … pe … citte cittānupassī … pe … dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu attadīpo viharati attasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo, dhammadīpo dhammasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo.
3Gocare, bhikkhave, caratha sake pettike visaye. Gocare, bhikkhave, carataṁ sake pettike visaye na lacchati māro otāraṁ, na lacchati māro ārammaṇaṁ. Kusalānaṁ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṁ samādānahetu evamidaṁ puññaṁ pavaḍḍhati.
2. Daḷhanemicakkavattirājā
4Bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhave, rājā daḷhanemi nāma ahosi cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni ahesuṁ seyyathidaṁ — cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. Parosahassaṁ kho panassa puttā ahesuṁ sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṁ pathaviṁ sāgarapariyantaṁ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasi.
5Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā daḷhanemi bahunnaṁ vassānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena aññataraṁ purisaṁ āmantesi: 'yadā tvaṁ, ambho purisa, passeyyāsi dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ, atha me āroceyyāsī'ti.
'Evaṁ, devā'ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso rañño daḷhanemissa paccassosi.
Addasā kho, bhikkhave, so puriso bahunnaṁ vassānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ, disvāna yena rājā daḷhanemi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ daḷhanemiṁ etadavoca: 'yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ te cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutan'ti.
Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā daḷhanemi jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ āmantāpetvā etadavoca: 'dibbaṁ kira me, tāta kumāra, cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ. Sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ — yassa rañño cakkavattissa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkati ṭhānā cavati, na dāni tena raññā ciraṁ jīvitabbaṁ hotīti. Bhuttā kho pana me mānusakā kāmā, samayo dāni me dibbe kāme pariyesituṁ. Ehi tvaṁ, tāta kumāra, imaṁ samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ paṭipajja. Ahaṁ pana kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmī'ti.
6Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā daḷhanemi jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji. Sattāhapabbajite kho pana, bhikkhave, rājisimhi dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antaradhāyi.
7Atha kho, bhikkhave, aññataro puriso yena rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ khattiyaṁ muddhābhisittaṁ etadavoca: 'yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antarahitan'ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto dibbe cakkaratane antarahite anattamano ahosi, anattamanatañca paṭisaṁvedesi. So yena rājisi tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājisiṁ etadavoca: 'yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antarahitan'ti.
Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājisi rājānaṁ khattiyaṁ muddhābhisittaṁ etadavoca: 'mā kho tvaṁ, tāta, dibbe cakkaratane antarahite anattamano ahosi, mā anattamanatañca paṭisaṁvedesi, na hi te, tāta, dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pettikaṁ dāyajjaṁ. Iṅgha tvaṁ, tāta, ariye cakkavattivatte vattāhi. Ṭhānaṁ kho panetaṁ vijjati, yaṁ te ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pātubhavissati sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūran'ti.
2.1. Cakkavattiariyavatta
8'Katamaṁ pana taṁ, deva, ariyaṁ cakkavattivattan'ti?
'Tena hi tvaṁ, tāta, dhammaṁyeva nissāya dhammaṁ sakkaronto dhammaṁ garuṁ karonto dhammaṁ mānento dhammaṁ pūjento dhammaṁ apacāyamāno dhammaddhajo dhammaketu dhammādhipateyyo dhammikaṁ rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṁ saṁvidahassu antojanasmiṁ balakāyasmiṁ khattiyesu anuyantesu brāhmaṇagahapatikesu negamajānapadesu samaṇabrāhmaṇesu migapakkhīsu. Mā ca te, tāta, vijite adhammakāro pavattittha. Ye ca te, tāta, vijite adhanā assu, tesañca dhanamanuppadeyyāsi.
Ye ca te, tāta, vijite samaṇabrāhmaṇā madappamādā paṭiviratā khantisoracce niviṭṭhā ekamattānaṁ damenti, ekamattānaṁ samenti, ekamattānaṁ parinibbāpenti, te kālena kālaṁ upasaṅkamitvā paripuccheyyāsi pariggaṇheyyāsi: "kiṁ, bhante, kusalaṁ, kiṁ akusalaṁ, kiṁ sāvajjaṁ, kiṁ anavajjaṁ, kiṁ sevitabbaṁ, kiṁ na sevitabbaṁ, kiṁ me karīyamānaṁ dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya assa, kiṁ vā pana me karīyamānaṁ dīgharattaṁ hitāya sukhāya assā"ti? Tesaṁ sutvā yaṁ akusalaṁ taṁ abhinivajjeyyāsi, yaṁ kusalaṁ taṁ samādāya vatteyyāsi.
Idaṁ kho, tāta, taṁ ariyaṁ cakkavattivattan'ti.
2.2. Cakkaratanapātubhāva
9'Evaṁ, devā'ti kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto rājisissa paṭissutvā ariye cakkavattivatte vatti.
Tassa ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pāturahosi sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūraṁ. Disvāna rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa etadahosi: 'sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ — yassa rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa tadahuposathe pannarase sīsaṁnhātassa uposathikassa uparipāsādavaragatassa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ pātubhavati sahassāraṁ sanemikaṁ sanābhikaṁ sabbākāraparipūraṁ, so hoti rājā cakkavattīti. Assaṁ nu kho ahaṁ rājā cakkavattī'ti.
10Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto uṭṭhāyāsanā ekaṁsaṁ uttarāsaṅgaṁ karitvā vāmena hatthena bhiṅkāraṁ gahetvā dakkhiṇena hatthena cakkaratanaṁ abbhukkiri: 'pavattatu bhavaṁ cakkaratanaṁ, abhivijinātu bhavaṁ cakkaratanan'ti.
11Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ puratthimaṁ disaṁ pavatti, anvadeva rājā cakkavattī saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Yasmiṁ kho pana, bhikkhave, padese cakkaratanaṁ patiṭṭhāsi, tattha rājā cakkavattī vāsaṁ upagacchi saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, puratthimāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rājānaṁ cakkavattiṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu: 'ehi kho, mahārāja, svāgataṁ te mahārāja, sakaṁ te, mahārāja, anusāsa, mahārājā'ti. Rājā cakkavattī evamāha: 'pāṇo na hantabbo, adinnaṁ nādātabbaṁ, kāmesumicchā na caritabbā, musā na bhāsitabbā, majjaṁ na pātabbaṁ, yathābhuttañca bhuñjathā'ti. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, puratthimāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā ahesuṁ.
12Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ puratthimaṁ samuddaṁ ajjhogāhetvā paccuttaritvā dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ pavatti … pe … dakkhiṇaṁ samuddaṁ ajjhogāhetvā paccuttaritvā pacchimaṁ disaṁ pavatti, anvadeva rājā cakkavattī saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Yasmiṁ kho pana, bhikkhave, padese cakkaratanaṁ patiṭṭhāsi, tattha rājā cakkavattī vāsaṁ upagacchi saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, pacchimāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rājānaṁ cakkavattiṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu: 'ehi kho, mahārāja, svāgataṁ te, mahārāja, sakaṁ te, mahārāja, anusāsa, mahārājā'ti. Rājā cakkavattī evamāha: 'pāṇo na hantabbo, adinnaṁ nādātabbaṁ, kāmesumicchā na caritabbā, musā na bhāsitabbā, majjaṁ na pātabbaṁ, yathābhuttañca bhuñjathā'ti. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, pacchimāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā ahesuṁ.
13Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ pacchimaṁ samuddaṁ ajjhogāhetvā paccuttaritvā uttaraṁ disaṁ pavatti, anvadeva rājā cakkavattī saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Yasmiṁ kho pana, bhikkhave, padese cakkaratanaṁ patiṭṭhāsi, tattha rājā cakkavattī vāsaṁ upagacchi saddhiṁ caturaṅginiyā senāya. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, uttarāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rājānaṁ cakkavattiṁ upasaṅkamitvā evamāhaṁsu: 'ehi kho, mahārāja, svāgataṁ te, mahārāja, sakaṁ te, mahārāja, anusāsa, mahārājā'ti. Rājā cakkavattī evamāha: 'pāṇo na hantabbo, adinnaṁ nādātabbaṁ, kāmesumicchā na caritabbā, musā na bhāsitabbā, majjaṁ na pātabbaṁ, yathābhuttañca bhuñjathā'ti. Ye kho pana, bhikkhave, uttarāya disāya paṭirājāno, te rañño cakkavattissa anuyantā ahesuṁ.
14Atha kho taṁ, bhikkhave, cakkaratanaṁ samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ abhivijinitvā tameva rājadhāniṁ paccāgantvā rañño cakkavattissa antepuradvāre atthakaraṇapamukhe akkhāhataṁ maññe aṭṭhāsi rañño cakkavattissa antepuraṁ upasobhayamānaṁ.
3. Dutiyādicakkavattikathā
15Dutiyopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī … pe … tatiyopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī … catutthopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī … pañcamopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī … chaṭṭhopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī … sattamopi kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī bahunnaṁ vassānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena aññataraṁ purisaṁ āmantesi: 'yadā tvaṁ, ambho purisa, passeyyāsi dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ, atha me āroceyyāsī'ti. 'Evaṁ, devā'ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso rañño cakkavattissa paccassosi. Addasā kho, bhikkhave, so puriso bahunnaṁ vassānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasatānaṁ bahunnaṁ vassasahassānaṁ accayena dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutaṁ. Disvāna yena rājā cakkavattī tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ cakkavattiṁ etadavoca: 'yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ te cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ ṭhānā cutan'ti?
16Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ āmantāpetvā etadavoca: 'dibbaṁ kira me, tāta kumāra, cakkaratanaṁ osakkitaṁ, ṭhānā cutaṁ, sutaṁ kho pana metaṁ — yassa rañño cakkavattissa dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ osakkati, ṭhānā cavati, na dāni tena raññā ciraṁ jīvitabbaṁ hotīti. Bhuttā kho pana me mānusakā kāmā, samayo dāni me dibbe kāme pariyesituṁ, ehi tvaṁ, tāta kumāra, imaṁ samuddapariyantaṁ pathaviṁ paṭipajja. Ahaṁ pana kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissāmī'ti.
17Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā cakkavattī jeṭṭhaputtaṁ kumāraṁ sādhukaṁ rajje samanusāsitvā kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbaji. Sattāhapabbajite kho pana, bhikkhave, rājisimhi dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antaradhāyi.
18Atha kho, bhikkhave, aññataro puriso yena rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ khattiyaṁ muddhābhisittaṁ etadavoca: 'yagghe, deva, jāneyyāsi, dibbaṁ cakkaratanaṁ antarahitan'ti? Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto dibbe cakkaratane antarahite anattamano ahosi. Anattamanatañca paṭisaṁvedesi; no ca kho rājisiṁ upasaṅkamitvā ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ pucchi. So samateneva sudaṁ janapadaṁ pasāsati. Tassa samatena janapadaṁ pasāsato pubbenāparaṁ janapadā na pabbanti, yathā taṁ pubbakānaṁ rājūnaṁ ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānānaṁ.
19Atha kho, bhikkhave, amaccā pārisajjā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā mantassājīvino sannipatitvā rājānaṁ khattiyaṁ muddhābhisittaṁ etadavocuṁ: 'na kho te, deva, samatena sudaṁ janapadaṁ pasāsato pubbenāparaṁ janapadā pabbanti, yathā taṁ pubbakānaṁ rājūnaṁ ariye cakkavattivatte vattamānānaṁ. Saṁvijjanti kho te, deva, vijite amaccā pārisajjā gaṇakamahāmattā anīkaṭṭhā dovārikā mantassājīvino mayañceva aññe ca ye mayaṁ ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ dhārema. Iṅgha tvaṁ, deva, amhe ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ puccha. Tassa te mayaṁ ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ puṭṭhā byākarissāmā'ti.
4. Āyuvaṇṇādiparihānikathā
20Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto amacce pārisajje gaṇakamahāmatte anīkaṭṭhe dovārike mantassājīvino sannipātetvā ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ pucchi. Tassa te ariyaṁ cakkavattivattaṁ puṭṭhā byākariṁsu. Tesaṁ sutvā dhammikañhi kho rakkhāvaraṇaguttiṁ saṁvidahi, no ca kho adhanānaṁ dhanamanuppadāsi. Adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi.
Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate aññataro puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi. Tamenaṁ aggahesuṁ. Gahetvā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa dassesuṁ: 'ayaṁ, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī'ti.
Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto taṁ purisaṁ etadavoca: 'saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, ambho purisa, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī'ti?
'Saccaṁ, devā'ti.
'Kiṁ kāraṇā'ti?
'Na hi, deva, jīvāmī'ti.
Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto tassa purisassa dhanamanuppadāsi: 'iminā tvaṁ, ambho purisa, dhanena attanā ca jīvāhi, mātāpitaro ca posehi, puttadārañca posehi, kammante ca payojehi, samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ patiṭṭhāpehi sovaggikaṁ sukhavipākaṁ saggasaṁvattanikan'ti.
'Evaṁ, devā'ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa paccassosi.
21Aññataropi kho, bhikkhave, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi. Tamenaṁ aggahesuṁ. Gahetvā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa dassesuṁ: 'ayaṁ, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī'ti.
Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto taṁ purisaṁ etadavoca: 'saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, ambho purisa, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī'ti?
'Saccaṁ, devā'ti.
'Kiṁ kāraṇā'ti?
'Na hi, deva, jīvāmī'ti.
Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto tassa purisassa dhanamanuppadāsi: 'iminā tvaṁ, ambho purisa, dhanena attanā ca jīvāhi, mātāpitaro ca posehi, puttadārañca posehi, kammante ca payojehi, samaṇabrāhmaṇesu uddhaggikaṁ dakkhiṇaṁ patiṭṭhāpehi sovaggikaṁ sukhavipākaṁ saggasaṁvattanikan'ti.
'Evaṁ, devā'ti kho, bhikkhave, so puriso rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa paccassosi.
22Assosuṁ kho, bhikkhave, manussā: 'ye kira, bho, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyanti, tesaṁ rājā dhanamanuppadetī'ti. Sutvāna tesaṁ etadahosi: 'yannūna mayampi paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyeyyāmā'ti. Atha kho, bhikkhave, aññataro puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi.
Tamenaṁ aggahesuṁ. Gahetvā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa dassesuṁ: 'ayaṁ, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī'ti.
Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto taṁ purisaṁ etadavoca: 'saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, ambho purisa, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī'ti?
'Saccaṁ, devā'ti.
'Kiṁ kāraṇā'ti?
'Na hi, deva, jīvāmī'ti.
Atha kho, bhikkhave, rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa etadahosi: 'sace kho ahaṁ yo yo paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyissati, tassa tassa dhanamanuppadassāmi, evamidaṁ adinnādānaṁ pavaḍḍhissati. Yannūnāhaṁ imaṁ purisaṁ sunisedhaṁ nisedheyyaṁ, mūlaghaccaṁ kareyyaṁ, sīsamassa chindeyyan'ti.
Atha kho, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto purise āṇāpesi: 'tena hi, bhaṇe, imaṁ purisaṁ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhamitvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa sunisedhaṁ nisedhetha, mūlaghaccaṁ karotha, sīsamassa chindathā'ti.
'Evaṁ, devā'ti kho, bhikkhave, te purisā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa paṭissutvā taṁ purisaṁ daḷhāya rajjuyā pacchābāhaṁ gāḷhabandhanaṁ bandhitvā khuramuṇḍaṁ karitvā kharassarena paṇavena rathikāya rathikaṁ siṅghāṭakena siṅghāṭakaṁ parinetvā dakkhiṇena dvārena nikkhamitvā dakkhiṇato nagarassa sunisedhaṁ nisedhesuṁ, mūlaghaccaṁ akaṁsu, sīsamassa chindiṁsu.
23Assosuṁ kho, bhikkhave, manussā: 'ye kira, bho, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyanti, te rājā sunisedhaṁ nisedheti, mūlaghaccaṁ karoti, sīsāni tesaṁ chindatī'ti. Sutvāna tesaṁ etadahosi: 'yannūna mayampi tiṇhāni satthāni kārāpessāma, tiṇhāni satthāni kārāpetvā yesaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyissāma, te sunisedhaṁ nisedhessāma, mūlaghaccaṁ karissāma, sīsāni tesaṁ chindissāmā'ti. Te tiṇhāni satthāni kārāpesuṁ, tiṇhāni satthāni kārāpetvā gāmaghātampi upakkamiṁsu kātuṁ, nigamaghātampi upakkamiṁsu kātuṁ, nagaraghātampi upakkamiṁsu kātuṁ, panthaduhanampi upakkamiṁsu kātuṁ. Yesaṁ te adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyanti, te sunisedhaṁ nisedhenti, mūlaghaccaṁ karonti, sīsāni tesaṁ chindanti.
24Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi, dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate adinnādānaṁ vepullamagamāsi, adinnādāne vepullaṁ gate satthaṁ vepullamagamāsi, satthe vepullaṁ gate pāṇātipāto vepullamagamāsi, pāṇātipāte vepullaṁ gate tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ asītivassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārīsavassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.
25Cattārīsavassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu aññataro puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi. Tamenaṁ aggahesuṁ. Gahetvā rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa dassesuṁ: 'ayaṁ, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī'ti.
Evaṁ vutte, bhikkhave, rājā khattiyo muddhābhisitto taṁ purisaṁ etadavoca: 'saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, ambho purisa, paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī'ti?
'Na hi, devā'ti sampajānamusā abhāsi.
26Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate adinnādānaṁ vepullamagamāsi, adinnādāne vepullaṁ gate satthaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Satthe vepullaṁ gate pāṇātipāto vepullamagamāsi, pāṇātipāte vepullaṁ gate musāvādo vepullamagamāsi, musāvāde vepullaṁ gate tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ cattārīsavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vīsativassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.
27Vīsativassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu aññataro puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyi. Tamenaṁ aññataro puriso rañño khattiyassa muddhābhisittassa ārocesi: 'itthannāmo, deva, puriso paresaṁ adinnaṁ theyyasaṅkhātaṁ ādiyī'ti pesuññamakāsi.
28Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate adinnādānaṁ vepullamagamāsi, adinnādāne vepullaṁ gate satthaṁ vepullamagamāsi, satthe vepullaṁ gate pāṇātipāto vepullamagamāsi, pāṇātipāte vepullaṁ gate musāvādo vepullamagamāsi, musāvāde vepullaṁ gate pisuṇā vācā vepullamagamāsi, pisuṇāya vācāya vepullaṁ gatāya tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ vīsativassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ dasavassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.
29Dasavassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ekidaṁ sattā vaṇṇavanto honti, ekidaṁ sattā dubbaṇṇā. Tattha ye te sattā dubbaṇṇā, te vaṇṇavante satte abhijjhāyantā paresaṁ dāresu cārittaṁ āpajjiṁsu.
30Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate … pe … kāmesumicchācāro vepullamagamāsi, kāmesumicchācāre vepullaṁ gate tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ dasavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ pañcavassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.
31Pañcavassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu dve dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu – pharusāvācā samphappalāpo ca. Dvīsu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ pañcavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ appekacce aḍḍhateyyavassasahassāyukā, appekacce dvevassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.
32Aḍḍhateyyavassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu abhijjhābyāpādā vepullamagamaṁsu. Abhijjhābyāpādesu vepullaṁ gatesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ aḍḍhateyyavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vassasahassāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.
33Vassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu micchādiṭṭhi vepullamagamāsi. Micchādiṭṭhiyā vepullaṁ gatāya tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ vassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ pañcavassasatāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.
34Pañcavassasatāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu tayo dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu – adhammarāgo visamalobho micchādhammo. Tīsu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ pañcavassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ appekacce aḍḍhateyyavassasatāyukā, appekacce dvevassasatāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.
35Aḍḍhateyyavassasatāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ime dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu. Amatteyyatā apetteyyatā asāmaññatā abrahmaññatā na kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitā.
36Iti kho, bhikkhave, adhanānaṁ dhane ananuppadiyamāne dāliddiyaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Dāliddiye vepullaṁ gate adinnādānaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Adinnādāne vepullaṁ gate satthaṁ vepullamagamāsi. Satthe vepullaṁ gate pāṇātipāto vepullamagamāsi. Pāṇātipāte vepullaṁ gate musāvādo vepullamagamāsi. Musāvāde vepullaṁ gate pisuṇā vācā vepullamagamāsi. Pisuṇāya vācāya vepullaṁ gatāya kāmesumicchācāro vepullamagamāsi. Kāmesumicchācāre vepullaṁ gate dve dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu, pharusā vācā samphappalāpo ca. Dvīsu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu abhijjhābyāpādā vepullamagamaṁsu. Abhijjhābyāpādesu vepullaṁ gatesu micchādiṭṭhi vepullamagamāsi. Micchādiṭṭhiyā vepullaṁ gatāya tayo dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu, adhammarāgo visamalobho micchādhammo. Tīsu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu ime dhammā vepullamagamaṁsu, amatteyyatā apetteyyatā asāmaññatā abrahmaññatā na kule jeṭṭhāpacāyitā. Imesu dhammesu vepullaṁ gatesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ āyupi parihāyi, vaṇṇopi parihāyi. Tesaṁ āyunāpi parihāyamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi parihāyamānānaṁ aḍḍhateyyavassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vassasatāyukā puttā ahesuṁ.
5. Dasavassāyukasamaya
37Bhavissati, bhikkhave, so samayo, yaṁ imesaṁ manussānaṁ dasavassāyukā puttā bhavissanti. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu pañcavassikā kumārikā alaṁpateyyā bhavissanti. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu imāni rasāni antaradhāyissanti, seyyathidaṁ — sappi navanītaṁ telaṁ madhu phāṇitaṁ loṇaṁ. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu kudrūsako aggaṁ bhojanānaṁ bhavissati. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, etarahi sālimaṁsodano aggaṁ bhojanānaṁ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, dasavassāyukesu manussesu kudrūsako aggaṁ bhojanānaṁ bhavissati.
38Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu dasa kusalakammapathā sabbena sabbaṁ antaradhāyissanti, dasa akusalakammapathā atibyādippissanti. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu kusalantipi na bhavissati, kuto pana kusalassa kārako. Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ye te bhavissanti amatteyyā apetteyyā asāmaññā abrahmaññā na kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino, te pujjā ca bhavissanti pāsaṁsā ca.
Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, etarahi matteyyā petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino pujjā ca pāsaṁsā ca; evameva kho, bhikkhave, dasavassāyukesu manussesu ye te bhavissanti amatteyyā apetteyyā asāmaññā abrahmaññā na kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino, te pujjā ca bhavissanti pāsaṁsā ca.
39Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu na bhavissati mātāti vā mātucchāti vā mātulānīti vā ācariyabhariyāti vā garūnaṁ dārāti vā. Sambhedaṁ loko gamissati yathā ajeḷakā kukkuṭasūkarā soṇasiṅgālā.
40Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ aññamaññamhi tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito bhavissati tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ. Mātupi puttamhi puttassapi mātari; pitupi puttamhi puttassapi pitari; bhātupi bhaginiyā bhaginiyāpi bhātari tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito bhavissati tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ. Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, māgavikassa migaṁ disvā tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito hoti tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ; evameva kho, bhikkhave, dasavassāyukesu manussesu tesaṁ sattānaṁ aññamaññamhi tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito bhavissati tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ. Mātupi puttamhi puttassapi mātari; pitupi puttamhi puttassapi pitari; bhātupi bhaginiyā bhaginiyāpi bhātari tibbo āghāto paccupaṭṭhito bhavissati tibbo byāpādo tibbo manopadoso tibbaṁ vadhakacittaṁ.
41Dasavassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu sattāhaṁ satthantarakappo bhavissati. Te aññamaññamhi migasaññaṁ paṭilabhissanti. Tesaṁ tiṇhāni satthāni hatthesu pātubhavissanti. Te tiṇhena satthena 'esa migo esa migo'ti aññamaññaṁ jīvitā voropessanti.
42Atha kho tesaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ ekaccānaṁ evaṁ bhavissati: 'mā ca mayaṁ kañci, mā ca amhe koci, yannūna mayaṁ tiṇagahanaṁ vā vanagahanaṁ vā rukkhagahanaṁ vā nadīviduggaṁ vā pabbatavisamaṁ vā pavisitvā vanamūlaphalāhārā yāpeyyāmā'ti. Te tiṇagahanaṁ vā vanagahanaṁ vā rukkhagahanaṁ vā nadīviduggaṁ vā pabbatavisamaṁ vā
pavisitvā sattāhaṁ vanamūlaphalāhārā yāpessanti. Te tassa sattāhassa accayena tiṇagahanā vanagahanā rukkhagahanā nadīviduggā pabbatavisamā nikkhamitvā aññamaññaṁ āliṅgitvā sabhāgāyissanti samassāsissanti: 'diṭṭhā, bho, sattā jīvasi, diṭṭhā, bho, sattā jīvasī'ti.
6. Āyuvaṇṇādivaḍḍhanakathā
43Atha kho tesaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ evaṁ bhavissati: 'mayaṁ kho akusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samādānahetu evarūpaṁ āyataṁ ñātikkhayaṁ pattā. Yannūna mayaṁ kusalaṁ kareyyāma. Kiṁ kusalaṁ kareyyāma? Yannūna mayaṁ pāṇātipātā virameyyāma, idaṁ kusalaṁ dhammaṁ samādāya vatteyyāmā'ti. Te pāṇātipātā viramissanti, idaṁ kusalaṁ dhammaṁ samādāya vattissanti. Te kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samādānahetu āyunāpi vaḍḍhissanti, vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhissanti. Tesaṁ āyunāpi vaḍḍhamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhamānānaṁ dasavassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vīsativassāyukā puttā bhavissanti.
44Atha kho tesaṁ, bhikkhave, sattānaṁ evaṁ bhavissati: 'mayaṁ kho kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samādānahetu āyunāpi vaḍḍhāma, vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhāma. Yannūna mayaṁ bhiyyoso mattāya kusalaṁ kareyyāma. Kiṁ kusalaṁ kareyyāma? Yannūna mayaṁ adinnādānā virameyyāma … kāmesumicchācārā virameyyāma … musāvādā virameyyāma … pisuṇāya vācāya virameyyāma … pharusāya vācāya virameyyāma … samphappalāpā virameyyāma … abhijjhaṁ pajaheyyāma … byāpādaṁ pajaheyyāma … micchādiṭṭhiṁ pajaheyyāma … tayo dhamme pajaheyyāma — adhammarāgaṁ visamalobhaṁ micchādhammaṁ … yannūna mayaṁ matteyyā assāma petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino, idaṁ kusalaṁ dhammaṁ samādāya vatteyyāmā'ti. Te matteyyā bhavissanti petteyyā sāmaññā brahmaññā kule jeṭṭhāpacāyino, idaṁ kusalaṁ dhammaṁ samādāya vattissanti.
45Te kusalānaṁ dhammānaṁ samādānahetu āyunāpi vaḍḍhissanti, vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhissanti. Tesaṁ āyunāpi vaḍḍhamānānaṁ vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhamānānaṁ vīsativassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārīsavassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … cattārīsavassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ asītivassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … asītivassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ saṭṭhivassasatāyukā puttā bhavissanti … saṭṭhivassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vīsatitivassasatāyukā puttā bhavissanti … vīsatitivassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārīsachabbassasatāyukā puttā bhavissanti. Cattārīsachabbassasatāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ dvevassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … dvevassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārivassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … cattārivassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ aṭṭhavassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … aṭṭhavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ vīsativassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … vīsativassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ cattārīsavassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti … cattārīsavassasahassāyukānaṁ manussānaṁ asītivassasahassāyukā puttā bhavissanti …
asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu pañcavassasatikā kumārikā alaṁpateyyā bhavissanti.
7. Saṅkharājauppatti
46Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu tayo ābādhā bhavissanti, icchā, anasanaṁ, jarā. Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ayaṁ jambudīpo iddho ceva bhavissati phīto ca, kukkuṭasampātikā gāmanigamarājadhāniyo. Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ayaṁ jambudīpo avīci maññe phuṭo bhavissati manussehi, seyyathāpi naḷavanaṁ vā saravanaṁ vā. Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ayaṁ bārāṇasī ketumatī nāma rājadhānī bhavissati iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ca ākiṇṇamanussā ca subhikkhā ca. Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu imasmiṁ jambudīpe caturāsītinagarasahassāni bhavissanti ketumatīrājadhānīpamukhāni.
Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu ketumatiyā rājadhāniyā saṅkho nāma rājā uppajjissati cakkavattī dhammiko dhammarājā cāturanto vijitāvī janapadatthāvariyappatto sattaratanasamannāgato. Tassimāni satta ratanāni bhavissanti, seyyathidaṁ — cakkaratanaṁ hatthiratanaṁ assaratanaṁ maṇiratanaṁ itthiratanaṁ gahapatiratanaṁ pariṇāyakaratanameva sattamaṁ. Parosahassaṁ kho panassa puttā bhavissanti sūrā vīraṅgarūpā parasenappamaddanā. So imaṁ pathaviṁ sāgarapariyantaṁ adaṇḍena asatthena dhammena abhivijiya ajjhāvasissati.
8. Metteyyabuddhuppāda
47Asītivassasahassāyukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu metteyyo nāma bhagavā loke uppajjissati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā. Seyyathāpāhametarahi loke uppanno arahaṁ sammāsambuddho vijjācaraṇasampanno sugato lokavidū anuttaro purisadammasārathi satthā devamanussānaṁ buddho bhagavā. So imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedessati, seyyathāpāhametarahi imaṁ lokaṁ sadevakaṁ samārakaṁ sabrahmakaṁ sassamaṇabrāhmaṇiṁ pajaṁ sadevamanussaṁ sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā pavedemi. So dhammaṁ desessati ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāsessati; seyyathāpāhametarahi dhammaṁ desemi ādikalyāṇaṁ majjhekalyāṇaṁ pariyosānakalyāṇaṁ sātthaṁ sabyañjanaṁ kevalaparipuṇṇaṁ parisuddhaṁ brahmacariyaṁ pakāsemi. So anekasahassaṁ bhikkhusaṁghaṁ pariharissati, seyyathāpāhametarahi anekasataṁ bhikkhusaṁghaṁ pariharāmi.
48Atha kho, bhikkhave, saṅkho nāma rājā yo so yūpo raññā mahāpanādena kārāpito. Taṁ yūpaṁ ussāpetvā ajjhāvasitvā taṁ datvā vissajjitvā samaṇabrāhmaṇakapaṇaddhikavaṇibbakayācakānaṁ dānaṁ datvā metteyyassa bhagavato arahato sammāsambuddhassa santike kesamassuṁ ohāretvā kāsāyāni vatthāni acchādetvā agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajissati. So evaṁ pabbajito samāno eko vūpakaṭṭho appamatto ātāpī pahitatto viharanto nacirasseva — yassatthāya kulaputtā sammadeva agārasmā anagāriyaṁ pabbajanti, tadanuttaraṁ — brahmacariyapariyosānaṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharissati.
49Attadīpā, bhikkhave, viharatha attasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā, dhammadīpā dhammasaraṇā anaññasaraṇā. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu attadīpo viharati attasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo dhammadīpo dhammasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī … pe … citte cittānupassī … pe … dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṁ. Evaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu attadīpo viharati attasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo dhammadīpo dhammasaraṇo anaññasaraṇo.
9. Bhikkhunoāyuvaṇṇādivaḍḍhanakathā
50Gocare, bhikkhave, caratha sake pettike visaye. Gocare, bhikkhave, carantā sake pettike visaye āyunāpi vaḍḍhissatha, vaṇṇenapi vaḍḍhissatha, sukhenapi vaḍḍhissatha, bhogenapi vaḍḍhissatha, balenapi vaḍḍhissatha.
51Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno āyusmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu chandasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, vīriyasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, cittasamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti, vīmaṁsāsamādhipadhānasaṅkhārasamannāgataṁ iddhipādaṁ bhāveti. So imesaṁ catunnaṁ iddhipādānaṁ bhāvitattā bahulīkatattā ākaṅkhamāno kappaṁ vā tiṭṭheyya kappāvasesaṁ vā. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno āyusmiṁ.
52Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno vaṇṇasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sīlavā hoti, pātimokkhasaṁvarasaṁvuto viharati ācāragocarasampanno, aṇumattesu vajjesu bhayadassāvī, samādāya sikkhati sikkhāpadesu. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno vaṇṇasmiṁ.
53Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno sukhasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṁ savicāraṁ vivekajaṁ pītisukhaṁ paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Vitakkavicārānaṁ vūpasamā … pe … dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ … tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno, sukhasmiṁ.
54Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno bhogasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu mettāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā viharati tathā dutiyaṁ. Tathā tatiyaṁ. Tathā catutthaṁ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ mettāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Karuṇāsahagatena cetasā … pe … muditāsahagatena cetasā … pe … upekkhāsahagatena cetasā ekaṁ disaṁ pharitvā viharati. Tathā dutiyaṁ. Tathā tatiyaṁ. Tathā catutthaṁ. Iti uddhamadho tiriyaṁ sabbadhi sabbattatāya sabbāvantaṁ lokaṁ upekkhāsahagatena cetasā vipulena mahaggatena appamāṇena averena abyāpajjena pharitvā viharati. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno bhogasmiṁ.
55Kiñca, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno balasmiṁ? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu āsavānaṁ khayā anāsavaṁ cetovimuttiṁ paññāvimuttiṁ diṭṭheva dhamme sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā upasampajja viharati. Idaṁ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno balasmiṁ.
56Nāhaṁ, bhikkhave, aññaṁ ekabalampi samanupassāmi yaṁ evaṁ duppasahaṁ, yathayidaṁ, bhikkhave, mārabalaṁ. Kusalānaṁ, bhikkhave, dhammānaṁ samādānahetu evamidaṁ puññaṁ pavaḍḍhatī"ti.
57Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandunti.
Cakkavattisuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.