1Thus I heard: At one time the Gracious One was walking on walking tour amongst the Magadhans with a great Community of monks, and arrived at Pāṭaligāma.

The lay followers of Pāṭaligāma heard: "The Gracious One, it seems, is walking on walking tour amongst the Magadhans with a great Community of monks, and has arrived at Pāṭaligāma."

Then the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma went to the Gracious One, and after going and worshipping the Gracious One, they sat down on one side. While sat on one side the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma said this to the Gracious One: "May the Gracious One consent, reverend Sir, to stay in our rest house." The Gracious One consented by maintaining silence.

2Then the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma, having understood the Gracious One's consent, after rising from their seats, worshipping and circumambulating the Gracious One, went to their rest house, and after going, and spreading the mats so that the rest house was spread all over, and preparing the seats, setting up the water-pot, and lighting the oil-lamp, they went to the Gracious One, and after going and worshipping the Gracious One, they stood on one side.

While stood on one side the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma said this to the Gracious One: "The rest house is spread with mats all over, reverend Sir, the seats are prepared, the water-pot is set up, and the oil-lamp is lit, now is the time for whatever the Gracious One is thinking, reverend Sir."

3Then the Gracious One, having dressed, after picking up his bowl and robe, together with the Community of monks, went to the rest house, and after going, washing his feet, and entering the rest house, he sat down near to the middle pillar, facing the East, and the Community of monks, having washed their feet, and entering the rest house, sat down near the West wall, facing the East, having the Gracious One at the front. Also the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma, having washed their feet, entered the rest house, sat down near the East wall, facing the West, having the Gracious One at the front.Then the Gracious One addressed the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma, saying:

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4"There are these five dangers, householders, for one lacking in virtue, for one who has lost his virtue. What are the five?

"Here, householders, one lacking in virtue, one who has lost his virtue, because of being heedless undergoes a great loss of riches. This is the first danger for one lacking in virtue, for one who has lost his virtue.

5"Furthermore, householders, for one lacking in virtue, for one who has lost his virtue, a bad report goes round. This is the second danger for one lacking in virtue, for one who has lost his virtue.

6"Furthermore, householders, one lacking in virtue, one who has lost his virtue, whatever assembly he goes to, whether an assembly of nobles, or an assembly of brāhmaṇas, or an assembly of householders, or an assembly of ascetics, he goes without confidence, with confusion. This is the third danger for one lacking in virtue, for one who has lost his virtue.

7"Furthermore, householders, one lacking in virtue, one who has lost his virtue, dies bewildered. This is the fourth danger for one lacking in virtue, for one who has lost his virtue.

8"Furthermore, householders, one lacking in virtue, one who has lost his virtue, at the break up of the body, after death, arises in the lower world, in an unfortunate destiny, in the fall, in the nether regions. This is the fifth danger for one lacking in virtue, for one who has lost his virtue.

"These are the five dangers, householders, for one lacking in virtue, for one who has lost his virtue.

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9"There are these five advantages, householders, for one who is virtuous, for one accomplished in virtue. What are the five?

"Here, householders, one who is virtuous, one accomplished in virtue, because of being heedful obtains a great mass of riches. This is the first advantage for one who is virtuous, for one accomplished in virtue.

10"Furthermore, householders, of one who is virtuous, of one accomplished in virtue, a good report goes round. This is the second advantage for one who is virtuous, for one accomplished in virtue.

11"Furthermore, householders, one who is virtuous, one accomplished in virtue, whatever assembly he goes to, whether an assembly of nobles, or an assembly of brāhmaṇas, or an assembly of householders, or an assembly of ascetics, goes with confidence, without confusion. This is the third advantage for one who is virtuous, for one accomplished in virtue.

12"Furthermore, householders, one who is virtuous, one accomplished in virtue, dies without being bewildered. This is the fourth advantage for one who is virtuous, for one accomplished in virtue.

13"Furthermore, householders, one who is virtuous, one accomplished in virtue, at the break up of the body, after death, arises in a fortunate destiny, in a heavenly world. This is the fifth advantage for one who is virtuous, for one accomplished in virtue.

"These are the five advantages, householders, for one who is virtuous, for one accomplished in virtue."

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14Then the Gracious One, after instructing, rousing, enthusing, and cheering the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma for most of the night with a Dhamma talk, dismissed them, saying: "The night has passed, householders, now is the time for whatever you are thinking." Then the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma, after greatly rejoicing and gladly receiving this word of the Gracious One, rising from their seats, worshipping and circumambulating the Gracious One, went away. Then the Gracious One, not long after the lay followers of Pāṭaligāma had gone, entered an empty place.

15Then at that time the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra were building up a city at Pāṭaligāma to ward off the Vajjians. Then at that time a great many devatās, thousands upon thousands, were taking possession of grounds at Pāṭaligāma. In that place where the great devatās took possession of grounds, there the powerful rulers’ and great royal ministers’ minds inclined to building up residences. In that place where the middling devatās took possession of grounds, there the middling rulers’ and middling royal ministers’ minds inclined to building up residences. In that place where the lower devatās took possession of grounds, there the lower rulers’ and lower royal ministers’ minds inclined to building up residences.

16The Gracious One saw with his divine-eye, which is purified, and surpasses that of normal men, that those devatās, thousands upon thousands, were taking possession of grounds at Pāṭaligāma. In that place where the great devatās took possession of grounds, there the powerful rulers’ and great royal ministers’ minds inclined to building up residences. In that place where the middling devatās took possession of grounds, there the middling rulers’ and middling royal ministers’ minds inclined to building up residences. In that place where the lower devatās took possession of grounds, there the lower rulers’ and lower royal ministers’ minds inclined to building up residences. Then towards the time of dawn, having risen from his seat, the Gracious One addressed venerable Ānanda, saying:

17"Now who, Ānanda, is building a city at Pāṭaligāma?"

"The Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra, reverend Sir, are building up a city at Pāṭaligāma to ward off the Vajjians."

"It is just as though, Ānanda, after consulting with the Tāvatiṁsa devas, in the same way, Ānanda, the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra, are building up a city at Pāṭaligāma to ward off the Vajjians. Here, Ānanda, I saw with my divine-eye, which is purified, and surpasses that of normal men, that a great many devatās, thousands upon thousands, were taking possession of grounds at Pāṭaligāma. In that place where the great devatās took possession of grounds, there the powerful rulers’ and great royal ministers’ minds inclined to building up residences. In that place where the middling devatās took possession of grounds, there the middling rulers’ and middling royal ministers’ minds inclined to building up residences. In that place where the lower devatās took possession of grounds, there the lower rulers’ and lower royal ministers’ minds inclined to building up residences.

"For as long, Ānanda, as there is an Ariyan sphere of influence, for as long as there is trade, this basket-opening Pāṭaliputta will be the chief city. For Pāṭaliputta, Ānanda, there will be three dangers: from fire and from water and from the breaking of an alliance."

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18Then the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra went to the Gracious One, and after going, they exchanged greetings with the Gracious One and after exchanging courteous talk and greetings, they stood on one side. While stood on one side the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra said this to the Gracious One: "May Gotama consent, dear Sir, to us offering him a meal today, together with the Community of monks." The Gracious One consented by maintaining silence.

19Then the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra having understood the Gracious One's consent, went to their own dwelling, and after going, in their own dwellings having had excellent comestibles and edibles made ready, announced the time to the Gracious One, saying: "It is time, dear Gotama, the meal is ready."

20Then the Gracious One, having dressed in the morning time, after picking up his bowl and robe, together with the Community of monks, went to the dwelling of the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra, and after going, he sat down on the prepared seat.

Then the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra with their own hands served and satisfied the Community of monks with the Buddha at its head with excellent comestibles and edibles.

21Then the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra, when the Gracious One had eaten and washed his hand and bowl, having taken a low seat, sat down on one side. While sat on one side the Gracious One rejoiced the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra with these verses:

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25Then the Gracious One after rejoicing the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra with these verses, and rising from his seat, went away.

26Then at that time the Magadhan chief ministers Sunīdha and Vassakāra were following close behind the Gracious One, thinking: "That gate by which the ascetic Gotama leaves will get the name the Gotama Gate, and that ford by which he crosses the river Gaṅgā will get the name the Gotama Ford."

27Then that gate by which the Gracious One left got the name the Gotama Gate, then the Gracious One went to the river Gaṅgā. Then at that time the river Gaṅgā was full to the brim, and could be drunk from by crows perched on the bank. Some of the people were seeking boats, some were seeking floats, and some were binding rafts, desiring to go from this shore to the shore beyond.

Then the Gracious One, just as a strong man might stretch out a bent arm, or bend in an outstretched arm, so did he vanish from the near bank of the river Gaṅgā, and reappeared on the far bank, together with the Community of monks.

28The Gracious One saw those people, some seeking boats, some seeking floats, and some binding rafts, desiring to go from this shore to the shore beyond.

29Then the Gracious One, having understood the significance of it, on that occasion uttered this exalted utterance:

1Evaṁ me sutaṁ — ​   ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā magadhesu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ yena pāṭaligāmo tadavasari.

Assosuṁ kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā:  "Bhagavā kira magadhesu cārikaṁ caramāno mahatā bhikkhusaṅghena saddhiṁ pāṭaligāmaṁ anuppatto"ti.

Atha kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ:  "adhivāsetu no, bhante, bhagavā āvasathāgāran"ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.

2Atha kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā yenāvasathāgāraṁ tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā sabbasanthariṁ āvasathāgāraṁ santharitvā āsanāni paññāpetvā udakamaṇikaṁ patiṭṭhāpetvā telappadīpaṁ āropetvā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu.

Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ:  "sabbasantharisanthataṁ, bhante, āvasathāgāraṁ; āsanāni paññattāni; udakamaṇiko patiṭṭhāpito telappadīpo āropito. Yassadāni, bhante, bhagavā kālaṁ maññatī"ti.

3Atha kho bhagavā nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghena yena āvasathāgāraṁ tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṁ pavisitvā majjhimaṁ thambhaṁ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi. Bhikkhusaṅghopi kho pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṁ pavisitvā pacchimaṁ bhittiṁ nissāya puratthābhimukho nisīdi bhagavantaṁyeva purakkhatvā. Pāṭaligāmiyāpi kho upāsakā pāde pakkhāletvā āvasathāgāraṁ pavisitvā puratthimaṁ bhittiṁ nissāya pacchimābhimukhā nisīdiṁsu bhagavantaṁyeva purakkhatvā. Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmiye upāsake āmantesi: 

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4"Pañcime, gahapatayo, ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā. Katame pañca?

Idha, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno pamādādhikaraṇaṁ mahatiṁ bhogajāniṁ nigacchati. Ayaṁ paṭhamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

5Puna caparaṁ, gahapatayo, dussīlassa sīlavipannassa pāpako kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Ayaṁ dutiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

6Puna caparaṁ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno yaññadeva parisaṁ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṁ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṁ, yadi gahapatiparisaṁ, yadi samaṇaparisaṁ – avisārado upasaṅkamati maṅkubhūto. Ayaṁ tatiyo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

7Puna caparaṁ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno sammūḷho kālaṁ karoti. Ayaṁ catuttho ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

8Puna caparaṁ, gahapatayo, dussīlo sīlavipanno kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā apāyaṁ duggatiṁ vinipātaṁ nirayaṁ upapajjati. Ayaṁ pañcamo ādīnavo dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ādīnavā dussīlassa sīlavipattiyā.

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9Pañcime, gahapatayo, ānisaṁsā sīlavato sīlasampadāya. Katame pañca?

Idha, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno appamādādhikaraṇaṁ mahantaṁ bhogakkhandhaṁ adhigacchati. Ayaṁ paṭhamo ānisaṁso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

10Puna caparaṁ, gahapatayo, sīlavato sīlasampannassa kalyāṇo kittisaddo abbhuggacchati. Ayaṁ dutiyo ānisaṁso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

11Puna caparaṁ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno yaññadeva parisaṁ upasaṅkamati – yadi khattiyaparisaṁ, yadi brāhmaṇaparisaṁ, yadi gahapatiparisaṁ, yadi samaṇaparisaṁ – visārado upasaṅkamati amaṅkubhūto. Ayaṁ tatiyo ānisaṁso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

12Puna caparaṁ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno asammūḷho kālaṁ karoti. Ayaṁ catuttho ānisaṁso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

13Puna caparaṁ, gahapatayo, sīlavā sīlasampanno kāyassa bhedā paraṁ maraṇā sugatiṁ saggaṁ lokaṁ upapajjati. Ayaṁ pañcamo ānisaṁso sīlavato sīlasampadāya.

Ime kho, gahapatayo, pañca ānisaṁsā sīlavato sīlasampadāyā"ti.

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14Atha kho bhagavā pāṭaligāmiye upāsake bahudeva rattiṁ dhammiyā kathāya sandassetvā samādapetvā samuttejetvā sampahaṁsetvā uyyojesi:  "abhikkantā kho, gahapatayo, ratti; yassadāni tumhe kālaṁ maññathā"ti. Atha kho pāṭaligāmiyā upāsakā bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinanditvā anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkamiṁsu. Atha kho bhagavā acirapakkantesu pāṭaligāmiyesu upāsakesu suññāgāraṁ pāvisi.

15Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṁ māpenti vajjīnaṁ paṭibāhāya. Tena kho pana samayena sambahulā devatāyo sahassasahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhanti. Yasmiṁ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti mahesakkhānaṁ tattha raññaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Yasmiṁ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti majjhimānaṁ tattha raññaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Yasmiṁ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti nīcānaṁ tattha raññaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ.

16Addasā kho bhagavā dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena tā devatāyo sahassasahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Yasmiṁ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, mahesakkhānaṁ tattha raññaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Yasmiṁ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, majjhimānaṁ tattha raññaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Yasmiṁ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti, nīcānaṁ tattha raññaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā tassā rattiyā paccūsasamaye paccuṭṭhāya āyasmantaṁ ānandaṁ āmantesi: 

17"Ke nu kho, ānanda, pāṭaligāme nagaraṁ māpentī"ti.

"Sunidhavassakārā, bhante, magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṁ māpenti vajjīnaṁ paṭibāhāyā"ti.

"Seyyathāpi, ānanda, devehi tāvatiṁsehi saddhiṁ mantetvā; evamevaṁ kho, ānanda, sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā pāṭaligāme nagaraṁ māpenti vajjīnaṁ paṭibāhāya. Idhāhaṁ, ānanda, addasaṁ dibbena cakkhunā visuddhena atikkantamānusakena sambahulā devatāyo sahassasahasseva pāṭaligāme vatthūni pariggaṇhantiyo. Yasmiṁ padese mahesakkhā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti mahesakkhānaṁ tattha raññaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Yasmiṁ padese majjhimā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti majjhimānaṁ tattha raññaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ. Yasmiṁ padese nīcā devatā vatthūni pariggaṇhanti nīcānaṁ tattha raññaṁ rājamahāmattānaṁ cittāni namanti nivesanāni māpetuṁ.

Yāvatā, ānanda, ariyaṁ āyatanaṁ yāvatā vaṇippatho idaṁ agganagaraṁ bhavissati pāṭaliputtaṁ puṭabhedanaṁ. Pāṭaliputtassa kho, ānanda, tayo antarāyā bhavissanti – aggito vā udakato vā mithubhedato vā"ti.

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18Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodiṁsu. Sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhaṁsu. Ekamantaṁ ṭhitā kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ:  "adhivāsetu no bhavaṁ gotamo ajjatanāya bhattaṁ saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghenā"ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena.

19Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā yena sako āvasatho tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā sake āvasathe paṇītaṁ khādanīyaṁ bhojanīyaṁ paṭiyādāpetvā bhagavato kālaṁ ārocesuṁ:  "kālo, bho gotama, niṭṭhitaṁ bhattan"ti.

20Atha kho bhagavā pubbaṇhasamayaṁ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghena yena sunidhavassakārānaṁ magadhamahāmattānaṁ āvasatho tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā paññatte āsane nisīdi.

Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā buddhappamukhaṁ bhikkhusaṅghaṁ paṇītena khādanīyena bhojanīyena sahatthā santappesuṁ sampavāresuṁ.

21Atha kho sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṁ bhuttāviṁ onītapattapāṇiṁ aññataraṁ nīcaṁ āsanaṁ gahetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinne kho sunidhavassakāre magadhamahāmatte bhagavā imāhi gāthāhi anumodi: 

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25Atha kho bhagavā sunidhavassakārānaṁ magadhamahāmattānaṁ imāhi gāthāhi anumoditvā uṭṭhāyāsanā pakkāmi.

26Tena kho pana samayena sunidhavassakārā magadhamahāmattā bhagavantaṁ piṭṭhito piṭṭhito anubandhā honti:  "yenajja samaṇo gotamo dvārena nikkhamissati taṁ gotamadvāraṁ nāma bhavissati. Yena titthena gaṅgaṁ nadiṁ tarissati taṁ gotamatitthaṁ nāma bhavissatī"ti.

27Atha kho bhagavā yena dvārena nikkhami taṁ gotamadvāraṁ nāma ahosi. Atha kho bhagavā yena gaṅgā nadī tenupasaṅkami. Tena kho pana samayena gaṅgā nadī pūrā hoti samatittikā kākapeyyā. Appekacce manussā nāvaṁ pariyesanti, appekacce uḷumpaṁ pariyesanti, appekacce kullaṁ bandhanti apārā pāraṁ gantukāmā.

Atha kho bhagavā – seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evamevaṁ – gaṅgāya nadiyā orimatīre antarahito pārimatīre paccuṭṭhāsi saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṅghena.

28Addasā kho bhagavā te manusse appekacce nāvaṁ pariyesante, appekacce uḷumpaṁ pariyesante, appekacce kullaṁ bandhante apārā pāraṁ gantukāme.

29Atha kho bhagavā etamatthaṁ viditvā tāyaṁ velāyaṁ imaṁ udānaṁ udānesi: 

Chaṭṭhaṁ.