Bhikkhu Vibhaṅga - Pācittiya 41: Not to give food to followers of other teachings.
- Translated from the Pali by Bhikkhu Brahmali. (More copyright information)
Origin story
1At one time when the Buddha was staying in the hall with the peaked roof in the Great Wood near Vesālī, the Sangha had an abundance of fresh food. Venerable Ānanda told the Buddha, who said:
“Well then, Ānanda, give the pastries to those who take leftovers.”
“Yes, Sir.” Ānanda had them sit in a row and gave them one pastry each, until he accidentally gave two to a female wanderer. The female wanderers sitting next to her said to her:
“This monastic is your lover.”
“He’s not. He gave me two, thinking they were one.”
And a second time … And a third time Ānanda gave them one pastry each, until he accidentally gave two to that same female wanderer. Once again the female wanderers sitting next to her said to her:
“This monastic is your lover.”
“He’s not. He gave me two, thinking they were one.”
And they started to argue about whether or not they were lovers.
2A certain Ājīvaka ascetic, too, went to that distribution of food. A monk mixed rice with a large amount of ghee and gave him a large lump. He took it and left. Another Ājīvaka asked him:
“Where did you get that lump?”
“From the food distribution of the ascetic Gotama, that shaven-headed householder.”
Some lay followers overheard that conversation between those Ājīvaka ascetics. They then went to the Buddha, bowed, sat down, and said:
“Venerable Sir, these monastics of other religions want to disparage the Buddha, the Teaching, and the Sangha. It would be good if the monks didn’t personally give anything to the monastics of other religions.”
After the Buddha had instructed, inspired, and gladdened those lay followers with a teaching, they got up from their seats, bowed down, circumambulated him with their right sides toward him, and left. Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, monks, I will lay down a training rule for the following ten reasons: for the well-being of the Sangha, for the comfort of the Sangha, for the restraint of bad people, for the ease of well-behaved monks, for the restraint of corruptions relating to the present life, for the restraint of corruptions relating to future lives, to give rise to confidence in those without it, to increase the confidence of those who have it, for the longevity of the true Teaching, and for supporting the training. And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
Final ruling
3‘If a monk personally gives fresh or cooked food to a naked ascetic, to a male wanderer, or to a female wanderer, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
Definitions
4A: whoever … Monk: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
5A naked ascetic: any wanderer who is naked.
6A male wanderer: any male wanderer apart from Buddhist monks and novice monks.
7A female wanderer: any female wanderer apart from Buddhist nuns, trainee nuns, and novice nuns.
8Fresh food: apart from the five cooked foods, water, and tooth cleaners, the rest is called “fresh food”.
9Cooked food: there are five kinds of cooked food: cooked grain, porridge, flour products, fish, and meat.
10Gives: if he gives by body or by what is connected to the body or by releasing, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Permutations
11If it is a monastic of another religion, and he perceives them as such, and he personally gives them fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is a monastic of another religion, but he is unsure of it, and he personally gives them fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is a monastic of another religion, but he does not perceive them as such, and he personally gives them fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession.
12If he gives water or a tooth cleaner, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is not a monastic of another religion, but he perceives them as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is not a monastic of another religion, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is not a monastic of another religion, and he does not perceive them as such, there is no offense.
Non-offenses
13There is no offense: if he does not give, but has it given; if he gives by placing it near the person; if he gives ointments for external use; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
14The training rule on naked ascetics, the first, is finished.
1p_2V_866, msdiv269Tena samayena buddho bhagavā vesāliyaṁ viharati mahāvane kūṭāgārasālāyaṁ. Tena kho pana samayena saṇghassa khādanīyaṁ ussannaṁ hoti. Atha kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi.
"Tenahānanda, vighāsādānaṁ pūvaṁ dehī"ti.
"Evaṁ, bhante"ti kho āyasmā ānando bhagavato paṭissuṇitvā vighāsāde paṭipāṭiyā nisīdāpetvā ekekaṁ pūvaṁ dento aññatarissā paribbājikāya ekaṁ maññamāno dve pūve adāsi. Sāmantā paribbājikāyo taṁ paribbājikaṁ etadavocuṁ:
"Jāro te eso samaṇo"ti.
"Na me so samaṇo jāro, ekaṁ maññamāno dve pūve adāsī"ti.
Dutiyampi kho … pe … tatiyampi kho āyasmā ānando ekekaṁ pūvaṁ dento tassāyeva paribbājikāya ekaṁ maññamāno dve pūve adāsi. Sāmantā paribbājikāyo taṁ paribbājikaṁ etadavocuṁ:
"Jāro te eso samaṇo"ti.
"Na me so samaṇo jāro, ekaṁ maññamāno dve pūve adāsī"ti.
"Jāro na jāro"ti bhaṇḍiṁsu.
2p_2V_867Aññataropi ājīvako parivesanaṁ agamāsi. Aññataro bhikkhu pahūtena sappinā odanaṁ madditvā tassa ājīvakassa mahantaṁ piṇḍaṁ adāsi. Atha kho so ājīvako taṁ piṇḍaṁ ādāya agamāsi. Aññataro ājīvako taṁ ājīvakaṁ etadavoca:
"Kuto tayā, āvuso, piṇḍo laddho"ti
"Tassāvuso, samaṇassa gotamassa muṇḍagahapatikassa parivesanāya laddho"ti.
Assosuṁ kho upāsakā tesaṁ ājīvakānaṁ imaṁ kathāsallāpaṁ. Atha kho te upāsakā yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdiṁsu. Ekamantaṁ nisinnā kho te upāsakā bhagavantaṁ etadavocuṁ:
"Ime, bhante, titthiyā avaṇṇakāmā buddhassa avaṇṇakāmā dhammassa avaṇṇakāmā saṇghassa. Sādhu, bhante, ayyā titthiyānaṁ sahatthā na dadeyyun"ti. Atha kho bhagavā te upāsake dhammiyā kathāya sandassesi samādapesi samuttejesi sampahaṁsesi.
Atha kho te upāsakā bhagavatā dhammiyā kathāya sandassitā samādapitā samuttejitā sampahaṁsitā uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā padakkhiṇaṁ katvā pakkamiṁsu. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi:
"Tena hi, bhikkhave, bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññapessāmi dasa atthavase paṭicca— saṇghasuṭṭhutāya, saṇghaphāsutāya … pe … saddhammaṭṭhitiyā, vinayānuggahāya. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
3p_2V_868, msdiv270"Yo pana bhikkhu acelakassa vā paribbājakassa vā paribbājikāya vā sahatthā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā dadeyya, pācittiyan" ti
4p_2V_869, msdiv271Yo panā'ti yo yādiso … pe … bhikkhū'ti … pe … ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
5p_2V_870Acelako nāma yo koci paribbājakasamāpanno naggo.
6p_2V_871Paribbājako nāma bhikkhuñca sāmaṇerañca ṭhapetvā yo koci paribbājakasamāpanno.
7p_2V_872Paribbājikā nāma bhikkhuniñca sikkhamānañca sāmaṇeriñca ṭhapetvā yā kāci paribbājikasamāpannā.
8p_2V_873Khādanīyaṁ nāma pañca bhojanāni— udakadantaponaṁ ṭhapetvā avasesaṁ khādanīyaṁ nāma.
9p_2V_874Bhojanīyaṁ nāma pañca bhojanāni— odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṁsaṁ.
10p_2V_875Dadeyyā'ti kāyena vā kāyapaṭibaddhena vā nissaggiyena vā deti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
11p_2V_876, msdiv272Titthiye titthiyasaññī sahatthā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā deti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Titthiye vematiko sahatthā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā deti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Titthiye atitthiyasaññī sahatthā khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā deti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
12p_2V_877Udakadantaponaṁ deti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atitthiye titthiyasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atitthiye vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Atitthiye atitthiyasaññī, anāpatti.
13p_2V_878, msdiv273Anāpatti— dāpeti na deti, upanikkhipitvā deti, bāhirālepaṁ deti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
14p_2V_879Acelakasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ paṭhamaṁ.