Bhikkhu Vibhaṅga - Nissaggiya Pācittiya 3: Not to keep robe cloth more than one month at a time.
- Translated from the Pali by Bhikkhu Brahmali. (More copyright information)
Origin story
1At one time when the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery, a monk had been given robe-cloth outside the robe season. While he was making the robe, he realized there was not enough cloth. Lifting it up, he smoothed it out again and again.
While walking about the dwellings, the Buddha saw that monk acting in this way. He went up to him and said, “What are you doing, monk?”
“Sir, I’ve been given this out-of-season robe-cloth, but it’s not enough to make a robe. That’s why I lift it up and smooth it out again and again.”
“Are you expecting to receive more cloth?”
“I am.”
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks: “Monks, I allow you to keep out-of-season robe-cloth if you are expecting to receive more.”
2When they heard about this, some monks kept out-of-season robe-cloth for more than a month, keeping them in bundles on a bamboo robe rack. While walking about the dwellings, Venerable Ānanda saw that robe-cloth, and he asked the monks, “Whose cloth is this?”
“It’s our out-of-season robe-cloth, which we’re keeping because we’re expecting more.”
“But how long have you kept it?”
“More than a month.”
Venerable Ānanda complained and criticized them, “How can these monks keep out-of-season robe-cloth for more than a month?”
3After rebuking those monks in many ways, Venerable Ānanda told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he had the Sangha gathered and questioned the monks: “Is it true, monks, that there are monks who do this?”
“It’s true, Sir.”
The Buddha rebuked them … “How can those foolish men keep out-of-season robe-cloth for more than a month? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
Final ruling
4‘When his robe is finished and the robe season has ended, if out-of-season robe-cloth is given to a monk, he may receive it if he wishes. If he receives it, he should quickly make a robe. If there is not enough cloth, but he is expecting more, he should keep it at most one month to make up the lack. If he keeps it longer than that, then even if he expects more cloth, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.’”
Definitions
5When his robe is finished: the monk has made a robe; or the robe-cloth has been lost, destroyed, or burned; or his expectation of receiving further robe-cloth is disappointed.
6The robe season has ended: it has ended according to one of the eight key phrases or the Sangha has ended it.
7Out-of-season robe-cloth: for one who has not participated in the robe-making ceremony, it is robe-cloth given during the eleven months. for one who has participated in the robe-making ceremony, it is robe-cloth given during the seven months. Also, if it is given in the robe season, but the cloth is designated, it is called “out-of-season robe-cloth”.
8If it is given: If it is given by a saṅgha, by a group, by a relative, or by a friend, or if it is rags, or if he got it by means of his own property.
9If he wishes: if he desires, he may receive it.
10If he receives it, he should quickly make a robe: it should be made within ten days.
11If there is not enough cloth: if there is not enough cloth when the robe is being made.
12He should keep it at most one month: he should keep it one month at a maximum.
13To make up the lack: for the purpose of making up the lack.
14But he is expecting more: he is expecting more from a saṅgha, from a group, from a relative, or from a friend, or he is expecting to get rags, or he is expecting to get it by means of his own property.
15If he keeps it longer than that, then even if he expects more cloth:
If he is given the expected robe-cloth on the same day as he was given the original robe-cloth, it must be made into a robe within ten days. If he is given the expected robe-cloth the day after he was given the original robe-cloth, it must be made into a robe within ten days. If he is given the expected robe-cloth two days after … three days after … eighteen days after … … nineteen days after he was given the original robe-cloth, it must be made into a robe within ten days. If he is given the expected robe-cloth twenty days after he was given the original robe-cloth, it must be made into a robe within nine days. If he is given the expected robe-cloth twenty-one days after he was given the original robe-cloth, it must be made into a robe within eight days. … twenty-two days after … twenty-seven days after … If he is given the expected robe-cloth twenty-eight days after he was given the original robe-cloth, it must be made into a robe within one day. If he is given the expected robe-cloth twenty-nine days after he was given the original robe-cloth, it must be determined, assigned to another, or given away on that very day. If he does not determine it, assign it to another, or give it away, it becomes subject to relinquishment at dawn on the thirtieth day.
The robe-cloth should be relinquished to a saṅgha, a group, or an individual. “And, monks, it should be relinquished like this. To be expanded as in Nissaggiya Pācittiya 1 verse 17 with appropriate substitutions.
‘Venerables, this out-of-season robe-cloth, which I have kept for more than a month, is to be relinquished. I relinquish it to the Sangha.’ … the Sangha should give … you should give … ‘I give this robe-cloth back to you.’”
16If he is given the expected robe-cloth, but it is different from the robe-cloth originally given to him, and there are days remaining, he does not have to make a robe if he does not want to.
Permutations
17If it is more than a month and he perceives it as more, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is more than a month, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it is more than a month, but he perceives it as less, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.
If it has not been determined, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been assigned to another, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been given away, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been lost, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been destroyed, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been burned, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession. If it has not been stolen, but he perceives that it has, he commits an offense entailing relinquishment and confession.
18If he uses robe-cloth that should be relinquished without first relinquishing it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is less than a month, but he perceives it as more, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is less than a month, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is less than a month and he perceives it as less, there is no offense.
Non-offenses
19There is no offense: if within a month it has been determined, assigned to another, given away, lost, destroyed, burned, stolen, or taken on trust; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
20The third training rule on the robe season, the third, is finished.
1p_1V_1921, msdiv497 Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena aññatarassa bhikkhuno akālacīvaraṁ uppannaṁ hoti. Tassa taṁ cīvaraṁ kayiramānaṁ nappahoti. Atha kho so bhikkhu taṁ cīvaraṁ ussāpetvā punappunaṁ vimajjati.
Addasā kho bhagavā senāsanacārikaṁ āhiṇḍanto taṁ bhikkhuṁ taṁ cīvaraṁ ussāpetvā punappunaṁ vimajjantaṁ.
Disvāna yena so bhikkhu tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca: "Kissa tvaṁ, bhikkhu, imaṁ cīvaraṁ ussāpetvā punappunaṁ vimajjasī"ti?
"Idaṁ me, bhante, akālacīvaraṁ uppannaṁ. Kayiramānaṁ nappahoti. Tenāhaṁ imaṁ cīvaraṁ ussāpetvā punappunaṁ vimajjāmī"ti.
"Atthi pana te, bhikkhu, cīvarapaccāsā"ti?
"Atthi, bhagavā"ti.
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā, bhikkhū āmantesi: "Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, akālacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā cīvarapaccāsā nikkhipitun"ti.
2p_1V_1922, msdiv498 Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū— "bhagavatā anuññātaṁ akālacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā cīvarapaccāsā nikkhipitun"ti akālacīvarāni paṭiggahetvā atirekamāsaṁ nikkhipanti. Tāni cīvarāni cīvaravaṁse bhaṇḍikābaddhāni tiṭṭhanti. Addasā kho āyasmā ānando senāsanacārikaṁ āhiṇḍanto tāni cīvarāni cīvaravaṁse bhaṇḍikābaddhāni tiṭṭhante. Disvāna bhikkhū āmantesi: "kassimāni, āvuso, cīvarāni cīvaravaṁse bhaṇḍikābaddhāni tiṭṭhantī"ti?
"Amhākaṁ, āvuso, akālacīvarāni cīvarapaccāsā nikkhittānī"ti.
"Kīvaciraṁ panāvuso, imāni cīvarāni nikkhittānī"ti?
"Atirekamāsaṁ, āvuso"ti.
Āyasmā ānando ujjhāyati khiyyati vipāceti— "Kathañhi nāma bhikkhū akālacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā atirekamāsaṁ nikkhipissantī"ti.
3p_1V_1923 Atha kho āyasmā ānando te bhikkhū anekapariyāyena vigarahitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesi … pe … "Saccaṁ kira, bhikkhave, bhikkhū akālacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā atirekamāsaṁ nikkhipantī"ti?
"Saccaṁ, bhagavā"ti.
Vigarahi buddho bhagavā … pe … kathañhi nāma te, bhikkhave, moghapurisā akālacīvaraṁ paṭiggahetvā atirekamāsaṁ nikkhipissanti. Netaṁ, bhikkhave, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya … pe … evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
4p_1V_1924, msdiv499"Niṭṭhitacīvarasmiṁ bhikkhunā ubbhatasmiṁ kathine bhikkhuno paneva akālacīvaraṁ uppajjeyya, ākaṅkhamānena bhikkhunā paṭiggahetabbaṁ. Paṭiggahetvā khippameva kāretabbaṁ. No cassa pāripūri, māsaparamaṁ tena bhikkhunā taṁ cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabbaṁ ūnassa pāripūriyā satiyā paccāsāya. Tato ce uttari nikkhipeyya, satiyāpi paccāsāya, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyan"ti. (3:22)
5p_1V_1925, msdiv500Niṭṭhitacīvarasmin'ti bhikkhuno cīvaraṁ kataṁ vā hoti naṭṭhaṁ vā vinaṭṭhaṁ vā daḍḍhaṁ vā cīvarāsā vā upacchinnā.
6p_1V_1926Ubbhatasmiṁ kathine'ti aṭṭhannaṁ mātikānaṁ aññatarāya mātikāya ubbhataṁ hoti, saṇghena vā antarā ubbhataṁ hoti.
7p_1V_1927Akālacīvaraṁ nāma anatthate kathine ekādasamāse uppannaṁ, atthate kathine sattamāse uppannaṁ, kālepi ādissa dinnaṁ, etaṁ akālacīvaraṁ nāma.
8p_1V_1928Uppajjeyyā'ti uppajjeyya saṇghato vā gaṇato vā ñātito vā mittato vā paṁsukūlaṁ vā attano vā dhanena.
9p_1V_1929Ākaṅkhamānenā'ti icchamānena paṭiggahetabbaṁ.
10p_1V_1930Paṭiggahetvā khippameva kāretabban'ti dasāhā kāretabbaṁ.
11p_1V_1931No cassa pāripūrī'ti kayiramānaṁ nappahoti.
12p_1V_1932Māsaparamaṁ tena bhikkhunā taṁ cīvaraṁ nikkhipitabban'ti māsaparamatā nikkhipitabbaṁ.
13p_1V_1933Ūnassa pāripūriyā'ti ūnassa pāripūratthāya.
14p_1V_1934Satiyā paccāsāyā'ti paccāsā hoti saṇghato vā gaṇato vā ñātito vā mittato vā paṁsukūlaṁ vā attano vā dhanena.
15p_1V_1935Tato ce uttari nikkhipeyya satiyāpi paccāsāyā'ti tadahuppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṁ uppajjati, dasāhā kāretabbaṁ.
Dvīhuppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṁ uppajjati, dasāhā kāretabbaṁ. Tīhuppanne mūlacīvare … pe … catūhuppanne … pañcāhuppanne … chāhuppanne … sattāhuppanne … aṭṭhāhuppanne … navāhuppanne … dasāhuppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṁ uppajjati, dasāhā kāretabbaṁ. Ekādase uppanne … pe … dvādase uppanne … terase uppanne … cuddase uppanne … pannarase uppanne … soḷase uppanne … sattarase uppanne … aṭṭhārase uppanne … ekūnavīse uppanne … vīse uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṁ uppajjati, dasāhā kāretabbaṁ. Ekavīse uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṁ uppajjati, navāhā kāretabbaṁ. Dvāvīse uppanne … pe … tevīse uppanne … catuvīse uppanne … pañcavīse uppanne … chabbīse uppanne … sattavīse uppanne … aṭṭhavīse uppanne … ekūnatiṁse uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṁ uppajjati, ekāhaṁ kāretabbaṁ … tiṁse uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṁ uppajjati, tadaheva adhiṭṭhātabbaṁ vikappetabbaṁ vissajjetabbaṁ. No ce adhiṭṭheyya vā vikappeyya vā vissajjeyya vā, ekatiṁse aruṇuggamane nissaggiyaṁ hoti.
Nissajjitabbaṁ saṅghassa vā gaṇassa vā puggalassa vā. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nissajjitabbaṁ … pe …
… idaṁ me, bhante, akālacīvaraṁ māsātikkantaṁ nissaggiyaṁ, imāhaṁ saṅghassa nissajjāmīti … pe … dadeyyāti … pe … dadeyyunti … pe … āyasmato dammīti.
16p_1V_1936 Visabhāge uppanne mūlacīvare paccāsācīvaraṁ uppajjati, rattiyo ca sesā honti, na akāmā kāretabbaṁ.
17p_1V_1937, msdiv501 Māsātikkante atikkantasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Māsātikkante vematiko nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ. Māsātikkante anatikkantasaññī nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
Anadhiṭṭhite adhiṭṭhitasaññī … pe … avikappite vikappitasaññī … avissajjite vissajjitasaññī … anaṭṭhe naṭṭhasaññī … avinaṭṭhe vinaṭṭhasaññī … adaḍḍhe daḍḍhasaññī … avilutte viluttasaññī, nissaggiyaṁ pācittiyaṁ.
18p_1V_1938 Nissaggiyaṁ cīvaraṁ anissajjitvā paribhuñjati, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Māsānatikkante atikkantasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Māsānatikkante vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Māsānatikkante anatikkantasaññī, anāpatti.
19p_1V_1939, msdiv502 Anāpatti— antomāse adhiṭṭheti, vikappeti, vissajjeti, nassati, vinassati, ḍayhati, acchinditvā gaṇhanti, vissāsaṁ gaṇhanti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
20p_1V_1940Tatiyakathinasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ tatiyaṁ.