Bhikkhu Vibhaṅga - Pācittiya 70: Not to associate with a sāmaṇera who has erroneous views.
- Translated from the Pali by Bhikkhu Brahmali. (More copyright information)
Origin story
1At one time the Buddha was staying at Sāvatthī in the Jeta Grove, Anāthapiṇḍika’s Monastery. At that time the novice monastic Kaṇṭaka had the following bad and erroneous view: “As I understand the teachings of the Buddha, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”
A number of monks heard that the novice monastic Kaṇṭaka had that view. They went to see him and asked, “Is it true, Kaṇṭaka, that you have such a view?”
“Yes, indeed. As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”
2“No, Kaṇṭaka, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent him. The Buddha would never say such a thing. The Buddha has given many discourses about the obstacles being obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them. The Buddha has said that there’s little enjoyment in worldly pleasures, but much suffering and much trouble, and that the danger in them is greater. … ” But even though the monks corrected Kaṇṭaka like this, he stubbornly held on to that bad and erroneous view, and he continued to insist on it.
3Since those monks were unable to make him give up that view, they went to the Buddha and told him what had happened. Soon afterwards the Buddha had the Sangha gathered and questioned the Kaṇṭaka: “Is it true, Kaṇṭaka, that you have such a view?”
“Yes indeed, Venerable Sir.”
4“Foolish man, who do you think I have taught like this? Haven’t I given many discourses about the obstacles being obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them? I have said that there is little enjoyment in worldly pleasures, but much suffering and much trouble, and that the danger in them is greater. I have said that worldly pleasures are similar to a skeleton … similar to a snake’s head; they are much suffering and much trouble, and the danger in them is greater. And yet, foolish man, by misunderstanding you have misrepresented me, hurt yourself, and made much demerit. This will be for your long-lasting harm and suffering.
This will affect people’s confidence …” … and cause some to lose it.”
Having rebuked him … the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Well then, monks, the Sangha should expel the novice monastic Kaṇṭaka. And this is how he should be expelled: ‘From today, Kaṇṭaka, you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher. And you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights, as can other novices. Go! Away with you!’”
The Sangha then expelled Kaṇṭaka.
5Soon afterwards the monks from the group of six befriended Kaṇṭaka, and they were attended on by him, lived with him, and shared a sleeping place with him. Yet they knew that he had been expelled. The monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks:
“How can the monks from the group of six befriend Kaṇṭaka, and be attended on by him, live with him, and share a sleeping place with him, even though they know that he has been expelled?” …
“Is it true, monks, that you do this?”
“It’s true, Sir.”
The Buddha rebuked them … “Foolish men, how can you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
Final ruling
6‘Also if a novice monastic says, “As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them,” then the monks should correct him like this: “No, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent the Buddha. The Buddha would never say such a thing. In many discourses the Buddha has declared the obstacles to be obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.” If that novice monastic continues as before, he should be told: “From today on you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher. And you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights, as can other novice monastics. Go! Away with you!” If a monk befriends that novice monastic, or he is attended on by him, lives with him, or shares a sleeping place with him, even though he knows that he has been expelled in this way, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
Definitions
7A novice monastic: a novice monk is what is meant.
8Says: “As I understand the Buddha’s Teaching, the things he calls obstacles are unable to obstruct one who indulges in them.”
9Him: the novice monastic who speaks in that way.
10The monks: other monks, those who see it or hear about it. They should correct him, “No, don’t misrepresent the Buddha, for it’s not good to misrepresent the Buddha. The Buddha would never say such a thing. In many discourses the Buddha has declared the obstacles to be obstructive and how they obstruct one who indulges in them.” And they should correct him a second time … And they should correct him a third time … If he gives up that view, all is well. If he does not, he should be told: “From today on you may not refer to the Buddha as your teacher. And you can no longer share a sleeping place with the monks for two or three nights, as can other novice monastics. Go! Away with you!”
11A: whoever … Monk: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
12He knows: he knows by himself or others have told him or the offending novice monastic has told him.
13Expelled in this way: expelled like this.
14Novice monastic: novice monk is what is meant.
15Befriends: if he befriends him, saying, “I’ll give him a bowl,” “I’ll give him a robe,” “I’ll recite to him,” or “I’ll test him,” he commits an offense entailing confession.
16Is attended on by: if he accepts bath powder, soap, a tooth cleaner, or water for rinsing the mouth from him, he commits an offense entailing confession.
17Lives with: there are two types of living together: material living together and spiritual living together. Material living together: if he gives or receives material things, he commits an offense entailing confession. Spiritual living together: he recites or has the other recite. If he recites or has the other recite by the line, then for every line he commits an offense entailing confession. If he recites or has the other recite by the syllable, then for every syllable he commits an offense entailing confession.
18Shares a sleeping place with: under the same ceiling: if the monk lies down when the expelled novice monastic is already lying down, he commits an offense entailing confession; if the monk is already lying down when the expelled novice monastic lies down, he commits an offense entailing confession; if they both lie down together, he commits an offense entailing confession; every time they get up and then lie down again, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Permutations
19If the novice monastic has been expelled, and he perceives him as such, and he befriends him or is attended on by him or lives with him or shares a sleeping place with him, he commits an offense entailing confession. If the novice monastic has been expelled, but he is unsure of it, and he befriends him or is attended on by him or lives with him or shares a sleeping place with him, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If the novice monastic has been expelled, but he does not perceive him as such, and he befriends him or is attended on by him or lives with him or shares a sleeping place with him, there is no offense.
If the novice monastic has not been expelled, but he perceives him such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If the novice monastic has not been expelled, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If the novice monastic has not been expelled, and he does not perceive him as such, there is no offense.
Non-offenses
20There is no offense: if he knows that he has not been expelled; if he knows that he has given up that view; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
21The training rule on Kaṇṭaka, the tenth, is finished.
The seventh sub-chapter on containing living beings is finished.
22This is the summary:
23“Intentionally killing, containing living beings,
Agitation, concealing what is grave;
Less than twenty, and group of travelers,
Arrangement, on Ariṭṭha;
Ejected, and Kaṇṭaka:
These ten training rules.”
1p_2V_1279, msdiv428Tena samayena buddho bhagavā sāvatthiyaṁ viharati jetavane anāthapiṇḍikassa ārāme. Tena kho pana samayena kaṇṭakassa nāma samaṇuddesassa evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ hoti— "Tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā"ti.
Assosuṁ kho sambahulā bhikkhū kaṇṭakassa nāma kira samaṇuddesassa evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ— "Tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā"ti. Atha kho te bhikkhū yena kaṇṭako samaṇuddeso tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ etadavocuṁ: "Saccaṁ kira te, āvuso kaṇṭaka, evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ— ‘tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’"ti?
"Evaṁ byā kho ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi— ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’"ti.
2p_2V_1280 "Mā, āvuso kaṇṭaka, evaṁ avaca. Mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ. Na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya. Anekapariyāyenāvuso kaṇṭaka, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya. Appassādā kāmā vuttā bhagavatā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo … pe … evampi kho kaṇṭako samaṇuddeso tehi bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva taṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ thāmasā parāmāsā abhinivissa voharati— "evaṁ byā kho ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi— ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’"ti.
3p_2V_1281Yato ca kho te bhikkhū nāsakkhiṁsu kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ etasmā pāpakā diṭṭhigatā vivecetuṁ, atha kho te bhikkhū yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkamiṁsu; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe bhikkhusaṇghaṁ sannipātāpetvā kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ paṭipucchi: "Saccaṁ kira te, kaṇṭaka, evarūpaṁ pāpakaṁ diṭṭhigataṁ uppannaṁ— ‘Tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’"ti?
"Evaṁ byā kho ahaṁ, bhante, bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi— ‘yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’"ti.
4p_2V_1282 "Kassa nu kho nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, mayā evaṁ dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāsi? Nanu mayā, moghapurisa, anekapariyāyena antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā, alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāya? Appassādā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Aṭṭhikaṅkalūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā … pe … sappasirūpamā kāmā vuttā mayā bahudukkhā bahupāyāsā, ādīnavo ettha bhiyyo. Atha ca pana tvaṁ, moghapurisa, attanā duggahitena amhe ceva abbhācikkhasi attānañca khaṇasi bahuñca apuññaṁ pasavasi. Tañhi te, moghapurisa, bhavissati dīgharattaṁ ahitāya dukkhāya.
Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya … pe … pasannānañca ekaccānaṁ aññathattāyā"ti.
Vigarahitvā … pe … dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi:
"Tena hi, bhikkhave, saṇgho kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ nāsetu. Evañca pana, bhikkhave, nāsetabbo— ‘ajjatagge te, āvuso kaṇṭaka, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo. Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ sāpi te natthi. Cara pire vinassā’"ti.
Atha kho saṇgho kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ nāsesi.
5p_2V_1283Tena kho pana samayena chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpentipi upaṭṭhāpentipi sambhuñjantipi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappenti. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā … pe … te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti:
"Kathañhi nāma chabbaggiyā bhikkhū jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpessantipi upaṭṭhāpessantipi sambhuñjissantipi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappessantī"ti … pe
"Saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpethāpi upaṭṭhāpethāpi sambhuñjathāpi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappethā"ti?
"Saccaṁ, bhagavā"ti.
Vigarahi buddho bhagavā … pe … kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ kaṇṭakaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpessathāpi upaṭṭhāpessathāpi sambhuñjissathāpi sahāpi seyyaṁ kappessatha. Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya … pe … evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
6p_2V_1284, msdiv429"Samaṇuddesopi ce evaṁ vadeyya— ‘tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā’ti, so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo: ‘māvuso samaṇuddesa, evaṁ avaca, mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi, na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ, na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya. Anekapariyāyenāvuso samaṇuddesa, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā’ti. Evañca so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi vuccamāno tatheva paggaṇheyya, so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo: ‘ajjatagge te, āvuso samaṇuddesa, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo. Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ sāpi te natthi. Cara pire vinassā’ti. Yo pana bhikkhu jānaṁ tathānāsitaṁ samaṇuddesaṁ upalāpeyya vā upaṭṭhāpeyya vā sambhuñjeyya vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyya, pācittiyan"ti.
7p_2V_1285, msdiv430Samaṇuddeso nāma sāmaṇero vuccati.
8p_2V_1286Evaṁ vadeyyā ti— "Tathāhaṁ bhagavatā dhammaṁ desitaṁ ājānāmi, yathā yeme antarāyikā dhammā vuttā bhagavatā, te paṭisevato nālaṁ antarāyāyā"ti.
9p_2V_1287So samaṇuddeso'ti yo so evaṁvādī samaṇuddeso.
10p_2V_1288Bhikkhūhī'ti aññehi bhikkhūhi, ye passanti ye suṇanti tehi vattabbo— "mā, āvuso samaṇuddesa, evaṁ avaca. Mā bhagavantaṁ abbhācikkhi. Na hi sādhu bhagavato abbhakkhānaṁ. Na hi bhagavā evaṁ vadeyya. Anekapariyāyenāvuso samaṇuddesa, antarāyikā dhammā antarāyikā vuttā bhagavatā. Alañca pana te paṭisevato antarāyāyā"ti. Dutiyampi vattabbo … tatiyampi vattabbo … sace paṭinissajjati iccetaṁ kusalaṁ, no ce paṭinissajjati so samaṇuddeso bhikkhūhi evamassa vacanīyo: "ajjatagge te, āvuso samaṇuddesa, na ceva so bhagavā satthā apadisitabbo. Yampi caññe samaṇuddesā labhanti bhikkhūhi saddhiṁ dirattatirattaṁ sahaseyyaṁ sāpi te natthi. Cara pire vinassā"ti.
11p_2V_1289Yo panā'ti yo yādiso … pe … bhikkhū'ti … pe … ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
12p_2V_1290Jānāti nāma sāmaṁ vā jānāti, aññe vā tassa ārocenti, so vā āroceti.
13p_2V_1291Tathānāsitan'ti evaṁ nāsitaṁ.
14p_2V_1292Samaṇuddeso nāma sāmaṇero vuccati.
15p_2V_1293Upalāpeyya vā'ti tassa pattaṁ vā cīvaraṁ vā uddesaṁ vā paripucchaṁ vā dassāmīti upalāpeti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
16p_2V_1294Upaṭṭhāpeyya vā'ti tassa cuṇṇaṁ vā mattikaṁ vā dantakaṭṭhaṁ vā mukhodakaṁ vā sādiyati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
17p_2V_1295Sambhuñjeyya vā'ti sambhogo nāma dve sambhogā— āmisasambhogo ca dhammasambhogo ca. Āmisasambhogo nāma āmisaṁ deti vā paṭiggaṇhāti vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Dhammasambhogo nāma uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, padena uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, pade pade āpatti pācittiyassa. Akkharāya uddisati vā uddisāpeti vā, akkharakkharāya āpatti pācittiyassa.
18p_2V_1296Saha vā seyyaṁ kappeyyā'ti ekacchanne nāsitake samaṇuddese nipanne bhikkhu nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Bhikkhu nipanne nāsitako samaṇuddeso nipajjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Ubho vā nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Uṭṭhahitvā punappunaṁ nipajjanti, āpatti pācittiyassa.
19p_2V_1297, msdiv431Nāsitake nāsitakasaññī upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti pācittiyassa. Nāsitake vematiko upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nāsitake anāsitakasaññī upalāpeti vā upaṭṭhāpeti vā sambhuñjati vā saha vā seyyaṁ kappeti, anāpatti.
Anāsitake nāsitakasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anāsitake vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Anāsitake anāsitakasaññī, anāpatti.
20p_2V_1298, msdiv432Anāpatti— anāsitakoti jānāti, taṁ diṭṭhiṁ paṭinissaṭṭhoti jānāti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
21p_2V_1299Kaṇṭakasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dasamaṁ.
Sappāṇakavaggo sattamo.
22p_2V_1300Tassuddānaṁ
23p_2V_1301Sañciccavadhasappāṇaṁ,
ukkoṭaṁ duṭṭhullachādanaṁ;
Ūnavīsati satthañca,
saṁvidhānaṁ ariṭṭhakaṁ;
Ukkhittaṁ kaṇṭakañceva,
dasa sikkhāpadā imeti.