Bhikkhu Vibhaṅga - Pācittiya 37: The Training Rule on Eating at The Wrong Time.
- Translated from the Pali by Bhikkhu Brahmali. (More copyright information)
Origin story
1At one time the Buddha was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrel sanctuary. At that time in Rājagaha there was a hilltop fair, which the monks from the group of seventeen went to see. When people saw the monks, they bathed them, anointed them, fed them cooked food, and gave them fresh food. They took that food and brought it back to the monastery. And they said to the monks from the group of six, “Help yourselves!”
“But where did you get this food?” And they told them what had happened.
“So, do you eat at the wrong time?”
“Yes.”
The monks from the group of six complained and criticized them, “How can those monks from the group of seventeen eat at the wrong time?”
2They told the monks, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized them, “How can the monks from the group of seventeen eat at the wrong time?” … “Is it true, monks, that you do this?”
“It’s true, Sir.”
The Buddha rebuked them … “Foolish men, how can you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
Final ruling
3‘If a monk eats fresh or cooked food at the wrong time, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
Definitions
4A: whoever … Monk: … The monk who has been given the full ordination by a unanimous Sangha through a legal procedure consisting of one motion and three announcements that is irreversible and fit to stand—this sort of monk is meant in this case.
5At the wrong time: when the middle of the day has passed, until dawn.
6Fresh food: apart from the five cooked foods, the post-midday tonics, the seven-day tonics, and the lifetime tonics—the rest is called “fresh food”.
7Cooked food: there are five kinds of cooked food: cooked grain, porridge, flour products, fish, and meat.
8If he receives fresh or cooked food with the intention of eating it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. For every mouthful, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Permutations
9If it is the wrong time, and he perceives it as such, and he eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is the wrong time, but he is unsure of it, and he eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession. If it is the wrong time, but he perceives it as the right time, and he eats fresh or cooked food, he commits an offense entailing confession.
10If he receives post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics for the purpose of food, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. For every mouthful, he commits an offense of wrong conduct.
If it is the right time, but he perceives it as the wrong time, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is the right time, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If it is the right time, and he perceives it as such, there is no offense.
Non-offenses
11There is no offense: if, when there is a reason, he uses post-midday tonics, seven-day tonics, or lifetime tonics; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
12The training rule on eating at the wrong time, the seventh, is finished.
1p_2V_800, msdiv247Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena rājagahe giraggasamajjo hoti. Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū giraggasamajjaṁ dassanāya agamaṁsu. Manussā sattarasavaggiye bhikkhū passitvā nahāpetvā vilimpetvā bhojetvā khādanīyaṁ adaṁsu. Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū khādanīyaṁ ādāya ārāmaṁ gantvā chabbaggiye bhikkhū etadavocuṁ: "gaṇhāthāvuso, khādanīyaṁ khādathā"ti.
"Kuto tumhehi, āvuso, khādanīyaṁ laddhan"ti? Sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū chabbaggiyānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ.
"Kiṁ pana tumhe, āvuso, vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjathā"ti?
"Evamāvuso"ti.
Chabbaggiyā bhikkhū ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti: "Kathañhi nāma sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjissantī"ti.
2p_2V_801Atha kho chabbaggiyā bhikkhū bhikkhūnaṁ etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā … pe … te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti: "Kathañhi nāma sattarasavaggiyā bhikkhū vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjissantī"ti … pe … "Saccaṁ kira tumhe, bhikkhave, vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjathā"ti?
"Saccaṁ, bhagavā"ti.
Vigarahi buddho bhagavā … pe … kathañhi nāma tumhe, moghapurisā, vikāle bhojanaṁ bhuñjissatha. Netaṁ, moghapurisā, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya … pe … evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
3p_2V_802, msdiv248"Yo pana bhikkhu vikāle khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādeyya vā bhuñjeyya vā, pācittiyan" ti
4p_2V_803, msdiv249Yo panā'ti yo yādiso … pe … bhikkhū'ti … pe … ayaṁ imasmiṁ atthe adhippeto bhikkhūti.
5p_2V_804Vikālo nāma majjhanhike vītivatte yāva aruṇuggamanā.
6p_2V_805Khādanīyaṁ nāma pañca bhojanāni— yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ ṭhapetvā avasesaṁ khādanīyaṁ nāma.
7p_2V_806Bhojanīyaṁ nāma pañca bhojanāni— odano, kummāso, sattu, maccho, maṁsaṁ.
8p_2V_807 "Khādissāmi bhuñjissāmī"ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
9p_2V_808, msdiv250Vikāle vikālasaññī khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Vikāle vematiko khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa. Vikāle kālasaññī khādanīyaṁ vā bhojanīyaṁ vā khādati vā bhuñjati vā, āpatti pācittiyassa.
10p_2V_809Yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ āhāratthāya paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti dukkaṭassa.
Kāle vikālasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāle vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Kāle kālasaññī, anāpatti.
11p_2V_810, msdiv251Anāpatti— yāmakālikaṁ sattāhakālikaṁ yāvajīvikaṁ sati paccaye paribhuñjati, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
12p_2V_811Vikālabhojanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ sattamaṁ.