Pācittiya 118: i.e. The bhikkhus' Pācittiya 32 Not to Eat Group Meals.
- Translated from the Pali by Bhikkhu Brahmali. (More copyright information)
Origin story
First sub-story
1At one time the Buddha was staying at Rājagaha in the Bamboo Grove, the squirrel sanctuary. At that time, because of his loss of material support and honor, Devadatta and his followers had to ask families repeatedly to get invited to meals. People complained and criticized him, “How can the Sakyan monastics repeatedly ask families to get invited to meals? Who doesn’t like nice food? Who doesn’t prefer tasty food?”
2The monks heard the complaints of those people, and the monks of few desires complained and criticized those monks, “How can Devadatta and his followers repeatedly ask families to get invited to meals?” … “Is it true, Devadatta, that you do this?”
“It’s true, Sir.”
The Buddha rebuked him … “Foolish man, how can you do this? This will affect people’s confidence …” … “And, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
3‘If a monk eats in a group, he commits an offense entailing confession.’”
4In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
5Soon afterwards people invited sick monks to a meal. But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating in a group and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept. They told the Buddha. Soon afterwards he gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Monks, I allow a sick monk to eat in a group.
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
6‘If a monk eats in a group, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. This is the appropriate occasion: he is sick.’”
7In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
8Soon afterwards, during the robe-giving season, people prepared a meal together with robe-cloth and then invited the monks, saying, “We wish to offer a meal and then give robe-cloth.” But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating in a group and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept. As a result, they only got a small amount of robe-cloth. They told the Buddha. …
“Monks, I allow you to eat in a group during the robe-giving season.
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
9‘If a monk eats in a group, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season.’”
10In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
11Soon afterwards people invited the robe-making monks for a meal. But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating in a group and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept. They told the Buddha. …
“Monks, I allow you to eat in a group at a time when you are making robes.
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
12‘If a monk eats in a group, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes.’”
13In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
14Soon afterwards some monks went traveling with a group of people. The monks said to those people, “Please wait a moment while we walk for alms.” They replied, “Venerables, please eat right here.” But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating in a group and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept. They told the Buddha. …
“Monks, I allow you to eat in a group when you’re traveling.
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
15‘If a monk eats in a group, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes; he is traveling.’”
16In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
17Soon afterwards some monks were traveling by boat with a group of people. The monks said to those people, “Please go to the shore for a moment while we walk for alms.” They replied, “Venerables, please eat right here.” But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating in a group and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept. They told the Buddha. …
“Monks, I allow you to eat in a group when on board a boat.
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
18‘If a monk eats in a group, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes; he is traveling; he is on a boat.’”
19In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
20Soon afterwards monks who had completed the rainy-season residence in various regions were coming to Rājagaha to visit the Buddha. People saw those monks who had come from various countries and invited them for a meal. But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating in a group and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept. They told the Buddha. …
“Monks, I allow you to eat in a group on big occasions.
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
21‘If a monk eats in a group, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes; he is traveling; he is on a boat; it is a big occasion.’”
22In this way the Buddha laid down this training rule for the monks.
23Soon afterwards a relative of King Seniya Bimbisāra of Magadha who had gone forth with the Ājīvaka ascetics went to the King and said, “Great king, I wish to make a meal for the monastics of all religions.”
“That’s fine, Sir, if you first feed the Sangha of monks headed by the Buddha.”
“I’ll do that.”
And he sent a message to the monks: “Please accept a meal from me tomorrow.” But knowing that the Buddha had prohibited eating in a group and being afraid of wrongdoing, they did not accept. That Ājīvaka ascetic then went to the Buddha, exchanged pleasantries with him, and said, “Good Gotama has gone forth and so have I. One who has gone forth should receive alms from another who has gone forth. Good Gotama, please accept a meal from me tomorrow together with the Sangha of monks.” The Buddha consented by remaining silent. The Ājīvaka understood that the Buddha had consented, and he left.
Soon afterwards the Buddha gave a teaching and addressed the monks:
“Monks, I allow you to eat in a group when the meal is given by a monastic.
And so, monks, this training rule should be recited like this:
Final ruling
24‘If a monk eats in a group, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. These are the appropriate occasions: he is sick; it is the robe-giving season; it is a time of making robes; he is traveling; he is on a boat; it is a big occasion; it is a meal given by a monastic.’”
Definitions
25Eats in a group: wherever four monks, after being invited, eat any of the five cooked foods—this is called “eats in a group”.
26Except on an appropriate occasion: unless it is an appropriate occasion.
27He is sick: even if he has cracked feet, he may eat in a group.
28It is the robe-giving season: if he has not participated in the robe-making ceremony, he may eat in a group during the last month of the rainy season. If he has participated in the robe-making ceremony, he may eat in a group during the five month period.
29It is a time of making robes: when he is making robes, he may eat in a group.
30He is traveling: he may eat in a group if he intends to travel at least six kilometers, while traveling, and after traveling.
31He is on a boat: he may eat in a group if he intends to board a boat, while on board, and after disembarking.
32It is a big occasion: if two or three monks can get by on walking for alms, but not a group of four, he may eat in a group.
33It is a meal given by a monastic: if any kind of wanderer is making the meal, he may eat in a group.
34If he receives something intending to eat it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. For every mouthful, he commits an offense entailing confession.
Permutations
35If he eats in a group, and he perceives it as such, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If he eats in a group, but he is unsure of it, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession. If he eats in a group, but he does not perceive it as such, except on an appropriate occasion, he commits an offense entailing confession.
36If he does not eat in a group, but he perceives it as such, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If he does not eat in a group, but he is unsure of it, he commits an offense of wrong conduct. If he does not eat in a group, and he does not perceive it as such, there is no offense.
Non-offenses
37There is no offense: if it is an appropriate occasion; if two or three eat together; if they eat together after walking for alms; if it is a regular meal invitation; if it is a meal for which lots are drawn; if it is a half-monthly meal; if it is on the observance day; if it is on the day after the observance day; if it is anything apart from the five cooked foods; if he is insane; if he is the first offender.
38The training rule on eating in a group, the second, is finished.
1p_2V_678, msdiv209Tena samayena buddho bhagavā rājagahe viharati veḷuvane kalandakanivāpe. Tena kho pana samayena devadatto parihīnalābhasakkāro sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjati. Manussā ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti: "Kathañhi nāma samaṇā sakyaputtiyā kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjissanti. Kassa sampannaṁ na manāpaṁ, kassa sāduṁ na ruccatī"ti.
2p_2V_679Assosuṁ kho bhikkhū tesaṁ manussānaṁ ujjhāyantānaṁ khiyyantānaṁ vipācentānaṁ. Ye te bhikkhū appicchā … pe … te ujjhāyanti khiyyanti vipācenti: "Kathañhi nāma devadatto sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjissatī"ti … pe … "Saccaṁ kira tvaṁ, devadatta, sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjasī"ti?
"Saccaṁ, bhagavā"ti.
Vigarahi buddho bhagavā … pe … kathañhi nāma tvaṁ, moghapurisa, sapariso kulesu viññāpetvā viññāpetvā bhuñjissasi. Netaṁ, moghapurisa, appasannānaṁ vā pasādāya … pe … evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
3p_2V_680"Gaṇabhojane pācittiyan"ti.
4p_2V_681Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
5p_2V_682, msdiv210Tena kho pana samayena manussā gilāne bhikkhū bhattena nimantenti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti— "paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā gaṇabhojanan"ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ. Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi:
"Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, gilānena bhikkhunā gaṇabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
6p_2V_683"Gaṇabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ. Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo— ayaṁ tattha samayo"ti.
7p_2V_684Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
8p_2V_685, msdiv211Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvaradānasamaye sacīvarabhattaṁ paṭiyādetvā bhikkhū nimantenti— "bhojetvā cīvarena acchādessāmā"ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti— "paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā gaṇabhojanan"ti. Cīvaraṁ parittaṁ uppajjati. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ … pe …
Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvaradānasamaye gaṇabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
9p_2V_686"Gaṇabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ. Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo— ayaṁ tattha samayo"ti.
10p_2V_687Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
11p_2V_688, msdiv212Tena kho pana samayena manussā cīvarakārake bhikkhū bhattena nimantenti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti— "paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā gaṇabhojanan"ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ … pe …
Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, cīvarakārasamaye gaṇabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
12p_2V_689"Gaṇabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ. Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo— ayaṁ tattha samayo"ti.
13p_2V_690Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
14p_2V_691, msdiv213Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū manussehi saddhiṁ addhānaṁ gacchanti. Atha kho te bhikkhū te manusse etadavocuṁ: "muhuttaṁ, āvuso, āgametha; piṇḍāya carissāmā"ti. Te evamāhaṁsu— "idheva, bhante, bhuñjathā"ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā na paṭiggaṇhanti— "paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā gaṇabhojanan"ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ … pe …
Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, addhānagamanasamaye gaṇabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
15p_2V_692"Gaṇabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ. Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo— ayaṁ tattha samayo"ti.
16p_2V_693Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
17p_2V_694, msdiv214Tena kho pana samayena bhikkhū manussehi saddhiṁ nāvāya gacchanti. Atha kho te bhikkhū te manusse etadavocuṁ: "muhuttaṁ, āvuso, tīraṁ upanetha; piṇḍāya carissāmā"ti. Te evamāhaṁsu— "idheva, bhante, bhuñjathā"ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā na paṭiggaṇhanti— "paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā gaṇabhojanan"ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ … pe …
Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, nāvābhiruhanasamaye gaṇabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
18p_2V_695"Gaṇabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ. Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo, nāvābhiruhanasamayo— ayaṁ tattha samayo"ti.
19p_2V_696Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
20p_2V_697, msdiv215Tena kho pana samayena disāsu vassaṁvuṭṭhā bhikkhū rājagahaṁ āgacchanti bhagavantaṁ dassanāya. Manussā nānāverajjake bhikkhū passitvā bhattena nimantenti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti— "paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā gaṇabhojanan"ti. Bhagavato etamatthaṁ ārocesuṁ … pe …
Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, mahāsamaye gaṇabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
21p_2V_698"Gaṇabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ. Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo, nāvābhiruhanasamayo, mahāsamayo— ayaṁ tattha samayo"ti.
22p_2V_699Evañcidaṁ bhagavatā bhikkhūnaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ paññattaṁ hoti.
23p_2V_700, msdiv216Tena kho pana samayena rañño māgadhassa seniyassa bimbisārassa ñātisālohito ājīvakesu pabbajito hoti. Atha kho so ājīvako yena rājā māgadho seniyo bimbisāro tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā rājānaṁ māgadhaṁ seniyaṁ bimbisāraṁ etadavoca: "Icchāmahaṁ, mahārāja, sabbapāsaṇḍikabhattaṁ kātun"ti.
"Sace tvaṁ, bhante, buddhappamukhaṁ bhikkhusaṇghaṁ paṭhamaṁ bhojeyyāsi".
"Evaṁ kareyyāmī"ti.
Atha kho so ājīvako bhikkhūnaṁ santike dūtaṁ pāhesi— "adhivāsentu me bhikkhū svātanāya bhattan"ti. Bhikkhū kukkuccāyantā nādhivāsenti— "paṭikkhittaṁ bhagavatā gaṇabhojanan"ti. Atha kho so ājīvako yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavatā saddhiṁ sammodi, sammodanīyaṁ kathaṁ sāraṇīyaṁ vītisāretvā ekamantaṁ aṭṭhāsi. Ekamantaṁ ṭhito kho so ājīvako bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: "bhavampi gotamo pabbajito, ahampi pabbajito; arahati pabbajito pabbajitassa piṇḍaṁ paṭiggahetuṁ. Adhivāsetu me bhavaṁ gotamo svātanāya bhattaṁ saddhiṁ bhikkhusaṇghenā"ti. Adhivāsesi bhagavā tuṇhībhāvena. Atha kho so ājīvako bhagavato adhivāsanaṁ viditvā pakkāmi.
Atha kho bhagavā etasmiṁ nidāne etasmiṁ pakaraṇe dhammiṁ kathaṁ katvā bhikkhū āmantesi:
"Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, samaṇabhattasamaye gaṇabhojanaṁ bhuñjituṁ.
Evañca pana, bhikkhave, imaṁ sikkhāpadaṁ uddiseyyātha—
24p_2V_701, msdiv217Gaṇabhojane, aññatra samayā, pācittiyaṁ. Tatthāyaṁ samayo. Gilānasamayo, cīvaradānasamayo, cīvarakārasamayo, addhānagamanasamayo, nāvābhiruhanasamayo, mahāsamayo, samaṇabhattasamayo— ayaṁ tattha samayo" ti. (32:81)
25p_2V_702, msdiv218Gaṇabhojanaṁ nāma yattha cattāro bhikkhū pañcannaṁ bhojanānaṁ aññatarena bhojanena nimantitā bhuñjanti. Etaṁ gaṇabhojanaṁ nāma.
26p_2V_703Aññatra samayā'ti ṭhapetvā samayaṁ.
27p_2V_704Gilānasamayo nāma antamaso pādāpi phalitā honti. "Gilānasamayo"ti bhuñjitabbaṁ.
28p_2V_705Cīvaradānasamayo nāma anatthate kathine vassānassa pacchimo māso, atthate kathine pañcamāsā. "Cīvaradānasamayo"ti bhuñjitabbaṁ.
29p_2V_706Cīvarakārasamayo nāma cīvare kayiramāne. "Cīvarakārasamayo"ti bhuñjitabbaṁ.
30p_2V_707Addhānagamanasamayo nāma "addhayojanaṁ gacchissāmī"ti bhuñjitabbaṁ, gacchantena bhuñjitabbaṁ, gatena bhuñjitabbaṁ.
31p_2V_708Nāvābhiruhanasamayo nāma "nāvaṁ abhiruhissāmī"ti bhuñjitabbaṁ, āruḷhena bhuñjitabbaṁ, oruḷhena bhuñjitabbaṁ.
32p_2V_709Mahāsamayo nāma yattha dve tayo bhikkhū piṇḍāya caritvā yāpenti, catutthe āgate na yāpenti. "Mahāsamayo"ti bhuñjitabbaṁ.
33p_2V_710Samaṇabhattasamayo nāma yo koci paribbājakasamāpanno bhattaṁ karoti. "Samaṇabhattasamayo"ti bhuñjitabbaṁ.
34p_2V_711 "Aññatra samayā bhuñjissāmī"ti paṭiggaṇhāti, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Ajjhohāre ajjhohāre āpatti pācittiyassa.
35p_2V_712, msdiv219Gaṇabhojane gaṇabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇabhojane vematiko, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa. Gaṇabhojane nagaṇabhojanasaññī, aññatra samayā, bhuñjati, āpatti pācittiyassa.
36p_2V_713Nagaṇabhojane gaṇabhojanasaññī, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nagaṇabhojane vematiko, āpatti dukkaṭassa. Nagaṇabhojane nagaṇabhojanasaññī, anāpatti.
37p_2V_714, msdiv220Anāpatti— samaye, dve tayo ekato bhuñjanti, piṇḍāya caritvā ekato sannipatitvā bhuñjanti, niccabhattaṁ, salākabhattaṁ, pakkhikaṁ, uposathikaṁ, pāṭipadikaṁ, pañca bhojanāni ṭhapetvā sabbattha anāpatti, ummattakassa, ādikammikassāti.
38p_2V_715Gaṇabhojanasikkhāpadaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ dutiyaṁ.