Sutta Pitaka
Dīgha Nikāya – The Long Discourses
DN11: Kevaddha Sutta – With Kevaddha
- © Translated from the Pali by Bhante Sujato. (More copyright information)
1So I have heard. At one time the Buddha was staying near Nālandā in Pāvārika’s mango grove.
Then the householder Kevaddha went up to the Buddha, bowed, sat down to one side, and said to him: “Sir, this Nāḷandā is successful and prosperous and full of people. Sir, please direct a mendicant to perform a demonstration of superhuman psychic power. Then Nāḷandā will become even more devoted to the Buddha!”
When he said this, The Buddha said: “Kevaddha, I do not teach the mendicants like this: ‘Come now, mendicants, perform a demonstration of superhuman psychic power for the white-clothed laypeople.’”
2For a second time, Kevaddha made the same request, and the Buddha gave the same answer.
3For a third time, Kevaddha made the same request, and the Buddha said the following.
1. The Demonstration of Psychic Power
4“Kevaddha, there are three kinds of demonstration, which I declare having realized them with my own insight. What three? The demonstration of psychic power, the demonstration of revealing, and the demonstration of instruction.
5And what is the demonstration of psychic power? It’s a mendicant who wields the many kinds of psychic power: multiplying themselves and becoming one again; going unimpeded through a wall, a rampart, or a mountain as if through space; diving in and out of the earth as if it were water; walking on water as if it were earth; flying cross-legged through the sky like a bird; touching and stroking with the hand the sun and moon, so mighty and powerful; controlling the body as far as the Brahmā realm.
6Then someone with faith and confidence sees that mendicant performing those superhuman feats.
7They tell someone else who lacks faith and confidence: ‘It’s incredible, it’s amazing! The ascetic has such psychic power and might! I saw him myself, performing all these superhuman feats!’
8But the one lacking faith and confidence would say to them: ‘There’s a spell named Gandhārī. Using that a mendicant can perform such superhuman feats.’
9What do you think, Kevaddha? Wouldn’t someone lacking faith speak like that?”
“They would, sir.”
“Seeing this drawback in psychic power, I’m horrified, repelled, and disgusted by demonstrations of psychic power.
2. The Demonstration of Revealing
10And what is the demonstration of revealing? In one case, someone reveals the mind, mentality, thoughts, and reflections of other beings and individuals: ‘This is what you’re thinking, such is your thought, and thus is your state of mind.’
11Then someone with faith and confidence sees that mendicant revealing another person’s thoughts. They tell someone else who lacks faith and confidence: ‘It’s incredible, it’s amazing! The ascetic has such psychic power and might! I saw him myself, revealing the thoughts of another person!’
12But the one lacking faith and confidence would say to them: ‘There’s a spell named Māṇikā. Using that a mendicant can reveal another person’s thoughts.’
13What do you think, Kevaddha? Wouldn’t someone lacking faith speak like that?”
“They would, sir.”
“Seeing this drawback in psychic power, I’m horrified, repelled, and disgusted by demonstrations of psychic power.
3. The Demonstration of Instruction
14And what is the demonstration of instruction? It’s when a mendicant instructs others like this: ‘Think like this, not like that. Focus your mind like this, not like that. Give up this, and live having achieved that.’ This is called the demonstration of instruction.
15Furthermore, a Realized One arises in the world … That’s how a mendicant is accomplished in ethics. … They enter and remain in the first absorption … This is called the demonstration of instruction.
They enter and remain in the second absorption … third absorption … fourth absorption. This too is called the demonstration of instruction.
They extend and project the mind toward knowledge and vision … This too is called the demonstration of instruction.
They understand: ‘… there is no return to any state of existence.’ This too is called the demonstration of instruction.
16These, Kevaddha, are the three kinds of demonstration, which I declare having realized them with my own insight.
4. On the Mendicant In Search of the Cessation of Being
17Once it so happened, Kevaddha, that a mendicant in this very Saṅgha had the following thought, ‘Where do these four primary elements cease without anything left over, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’
18Then that mendicant attained a state of immersion such that a path to the gods appeared.
Then he approached the Gods of the Four Great Kings and said, ‘Reverends, where do these four primary elements cease without anything left over, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’
19When he said this, those gods said to him: ‘Mendicant, we too do not know this. But the Four Great Kings are our superiors. They might know.’
20-23Then he approached the Four Great Kings and asked the same question. But they also said to him: ‘Mendicant, we too do not know this. But the gods of the Thirty-Three … Sakka, lord of gods … the gods of Yāmā … the god named Suyāma … the Joyful gods … the god named Santussita … the gods who delight in creation … the god named Sunimmita … the gods who control the creation of others … the god named Vasavattī … the gods of Brahmā’s Host. They might know.’
24Then that mendicant attained a state of immersion such that a path to Brahmā appeared. Then he approached those gods and said, ‘Reverends, where do these four primary elements cease without anything left over, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’ But they also said to him: ‘Mendicant, we too do not know this. But there is Brahmā, the Great Brahmā, the Undefeated, the Champion, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, the Lord God, the Maker, the Author, the Best, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born. He is our superior. He might know.’
25‘But reverends, where is that Brahmā now?’ ‘We also don’t know where he is or what way he lies. But by the signs that are seen — light arising and radiance appearing — we know that Brahmā will appear. For this is the precursor for the appearance of Brahmā, namely light arising and radiance appearing.’
Not long afterwards, the Great Brahmā appeared.
26Then that mendicant approached the Great Brahmā and said to him: ‘Reverend, where do these four primary elements cease without anything left over, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’ The Great Brahmā said to him: ‘I am Brahmā, the Great Brahmā, the Undefeated, the Champion, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, the Lord God, the Maker, the Author, the Best, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.’
27For a second time, that mendicant said to the Great Brahmā, ‘Reverend, I am not asking you whether you are Brahmā, the Great Brahmā, the Undefeated, the Champion, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, the Lord God, the Maker, the Author, the Best, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born. I am asking where these four primary elements cease without anything left over.’
28For a second time, the Great Brahmā said to him: ‘I am Brahmā, the Great Brahmā, the Undefeated, the Champion, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, the Lord God, the Maker, the Author, the Best, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born.’
For a third time, that mendicant said to the Great Brahmā, ‘Reverend, I am not asking you whether you are Brahmā, the Great Brahmā, the Undefeated, the Champion, the Universal Seer, the Wielder of Power, the Lord God, the Maker, the Author, the Best, the Begetter, the Controller, the Father of those who have been born and those yet to be born. I am asking where these four primary elements cease without anything left over.’
29Then the Great Brahmā took that mendicant by the arm, led him off to one side, and said to him: ‘Mendicant, these gods think that there is nothing at all that I don’t know and see and understand and realize. That’s why I didn’t answer in front of them. But I too do not know where these four primary elements cease with nothing left over. Therefore, mendicant, the misdeed is yours alone, the mistake is yours alone, in that you passed over the Buddha and searched elsewhere for an answer to this question. Mendicant, go to the Buddha and ask him this question. You should remember it in line with his answer.’
30Then that mendicant, as easily as a strong person would extend or contract their arm, vanished from the Brahmā realm and reappeared in front of me. Then he bowed, sat down to one side, and said to me, ‘Sir, where do these four primary elements cease without anything left over, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?’
4.1. The Simile of the Land-Spotting Bird
31When he said this, I said to him:
‘Once upon a time, mendicant, some sea-merchants set sail for the ocean deeps, taking with them a land-spotting bird. When their ship was out of sight of land, they released the bird. It flew right away to the east, the west, the north, the south, upwards, and in-between. If it saw land on any side, it went there and stayed. But if it saw no land on any side it returned to the ship.
In the same way, after failing to get an answer to this question even after searching as far as the Brahmā realm, you’ve returned to me. Mendicant, this is not how the question should be asked: “Sir, where do these four primary elements cease without anything left over, namely, the elements of earth, water, fire, and air?”
32This is how the question should be asked:
33
“Where do water and earth,
fire and air find no footing;
where do long and short,
fine and coarse, beautiful and ugly;
where do name and form
cease with nothing left over?”
34And the answer to that is:
35
“Consciousness that’s invisible,
infinite, radiant all round.
Here’s where water and earth,
fire and air find no footing;
36
here’s where long and short,
fine and coarse, beautiful and ugly;
here’s where name and form
cease with nothing left over —
with the cessation of consciousness,
that’s where this ceases.”’”
37That is what the Buddha said. Satisfied, the householder Kevaddha was happy with what the Buddha said.
1Evaṁ me sutaṁ — ekaṁ samayaṁ bhagavā nāḷandāyaṁ viharati pāvārikambavane.
Atha kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto yena bhagavā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā bhagavantaṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi. Ekamantaṁ nisinno kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: "Ayaṁ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṁ bhikkhuṁ samādisatu, yo uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ karissati; evāyaṁ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī"ti. Evaṁ vutte, bhagavā kevaṭṭaṁ gahapatiputtaṁ etadavoca:
"na kho ahaṁ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṁ evaṁ dhammaṁ desemi: 'etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṁ odātavasanānaṁ uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ karothā'"ti.
2Dutiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: "nāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavantaṁ dhaṁsemi; api ca evaṁ vadāmi: 'ayaṁ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṁ bhikkhuṁ samādisatu, yo uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ karissati; evāyaṁ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī'"ti. Dutiyampi kho bhagavā kevaṭṭaṁ gahapatiputtaṁ etadavoca: "na kho ahaṁ, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhūnaṁ evaṁ dhammaṁ desemi: 'etha tumhe, bhikkhave, gihīnaṁ odātavasanānaṁ uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ karothā'"ti.
3Tatiyampi kho kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavantaṁ etadavoca: "nāhaṁ, bhante, bhagavantaṁ dhaṁsemi; api ca evaṁ vadāmi: 'ayaṁ, bhante, nāḷandā iddhā ceva phītā ca bahujanā ākiṇṇamanussā bhagavati abhippasannā. Sādhu, bhante, bhagavā ekaṁ bhikkhuṁ samādisatu, yo uttari manussadhammā iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ karissati. Evāyaṁ nāḷandā bhiyyoso mattāya bhagavati abhippasīdissatī'"ti.
1. Iddhipāṭihāriya
4"Tīṇi kho imāni, kevaṭṭa, pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni. Katamāni tīṇi? Iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṁ, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ.
5Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriyaṁ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti — ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti; āvibhāvaṁ tirobhāvaṁ tirokuṭṭaṁ tiropākāraṁ tiropabbataṁ asajjamāno gacchati seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṁ karoti seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchati seyyathāpi pathaviyaṁ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamati seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṁ mahiddhike evaṁ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasati parimajjati; yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vatteti.
6Tamenaṁ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṁ bhikkhuṁ anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhontaṁ — ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṁ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṁ; āvibhāvaṁ tirobhāvaṁ; tirokuṭṭaṁ tiropākāraṁ tiropabbataṁ asajjamānaṁ gacchantaṁ seyyathāpi ākāse; pathaviyāpi ummujjanimujjaṁ karontaṁ seyyathāpi udake; udakepi abhijjamāne gacchantaṁ seyyathāpi pathaviyaṁ; ākāsepi pallaṅkena kamantaṁ seyyathāpi pakkhī sakuṇo; imepi candimasūriye evaṁ mahiddhike evaṁ mahānubhāve pāṇinā parāmasantaṁ parimajjantaṁ yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vattentaṁ.
7Tamenaṁ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti: 'acchariyaṁ vata bho, abbhutaṁ vata bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṁ bhikkhuṁ addasaṁ anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhontaṁ — ekopi hutvā bahudhā hontaṁ, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hontaṁ … pe … yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vattentan'ti.
8Tamenaṁ so assaddho appasanno taṁ saddhaṁ pasannaṁ evaṁ vadeyya: 'atthi kho, bho, gandhārī nāma vijjā. Tāya so bhikkhu anekavihitaṁ iddhividhaṁ paccanubhoti — ekopi hutvā bahudhā hoti, bahudhāpi hutvā eko hoti … pe … yāva brahmalokāpi kāyena vasaṁ vattetī'ti.
9Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṁ saddhaṁ pasannaṁ evaṁ vadeyyā"ti?
"Vadeyya, bhante"ti.
"Imaṁ kho ahaṁ, kevaṭṭa, iddhipāṭihāriye ādīnavaṁ sampassamāno iddhipāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi.
2. Ādesanāpāṭihāriya
10Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriyaṁ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu parasattānaṁ parapuggalānaṁ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati: 'evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan'ti.
11Tamenaṁ aññataro saddho pasanno passati taṁ bhikkhuṁ parasattānaṁ parapuggalānaṁ cittampi ādisantaṁ, cetasikampi ādisantaṁ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṁ, vicāritampi ādisantaṁ: 'evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan'ti. Tamenaṁ so saddho pasanno aññatarassa assaddhassa appasannassa āroceti: 'acchariyaṁ vata bho, abbhutaṁ vata bho, samaṇassa mahiddhikatā mahānubhāvatā. Amāhaṁ bhikkhuṁ addasaṁ parasattānaṁ parapuggalānaṁ cittampi ādisantaṁ, cetasikampi ādisantaṁ, vitakkitampi ādisantaṁ, vicāritampi ādisantaṁ: "evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan"'ti.
12Tamenaṁ so assaddho appasanno taṁ saddhaṁ pasannaṁ evaṁ vadeyya: 'atthi kho, bho, maṇikā nāma vijjā; tāya so bhikkhu parasattānaṁ parapuggalānaṁ cittampi ādisati, cetasikampi ādisati, vitakkitampi ādisati, vicāritampi ādisati: "evampi te mano, itthampi te mano, itipi te cittan"'ti.
13Taṁ kiṁ maññasi, kevaṭṭa, api nu so assaddho appasanno taṁ saddhaṁ pasannaṁ evaṁ vadeyyā"ti?
"Vadeyya, bhante"ti.
"Imaṁ kho ahaṁ, kevaṭṭa, ādesanāpāṭihāriye ādīnavaṁ sampassamāno ādesanāpāṭihāriyena aṭṭīyāmi harāyāmi jigucchāmi.
3. Anusāsanīpāṭihāriya
14Katamañca, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ? Idha, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu evamanusāsati: 'evaṁ vitakketha, mā evaṁ vitakkayittha, evaṁ manasikarotha, mā evaṁ manasākattha, idaṁ pajahatha, idaṁ upasampajja viharathā'ti. Idaṁ vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ.
15Puna caparaṁ, kevaṭṭa, idha tathāgato loke uppajjati arahaṁ sammāsambuddho … pe … Evaṁ kho, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu sīlasampanno hoti … pe … paṭhamaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ … pe … dutiyaṁ jhānaṁ … pe … tatiyaṁ jhānaṁ … pe … catutthaṁ jhānaṁ upasampajja viharati. Idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ … pe … ñāṇadassanāya cittaṁ abhinīharati abhininnāmeti … pe … idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ … pe … nāparaṁ itthattāyāti pajānāti … pe … idampi vuccati, kevaṭṭa, anusāsanīpāṭihāriyaṁ.
16Imāni kho, kevaṭṭa, tīṇi pāṭihāriyāni mayā sayaṁ abhiññā sacchikatvā paveditāni.
4. Bhūtanirodhesakabhikkhuvatthu
17Bhūtapubbaṁ, kevaṭṭa, imasmiññeva bhikkhusaṅghe aññatarassa bhikkhuno evaṁ cetaso parivitakko udapādi: 'kattha nu kho ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti?
18Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṁ samādhiṁ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte devayāniyo maggo pāturahosi.
Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cātumahārājikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cātumahārājike deve etadavoca: 'kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti?
19Evaṁ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cātumahārājikā devā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ: 'mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"ti. Atthi kho
, bhikkhu, cattāro mahārājāno amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṁ jāneyyuṁ: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"'ti.
20Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena cattāro mahārājāno tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā cattāro mahārāje etadavoca: 'kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti? Evaṁ vutte, kevaṭṭa, cattāro mahārājāno taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ: 'mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu, āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"ti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, tāvatiṁsā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṁ jāneyyuṁ: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"'ti.
21Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena tāvatiṁsā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā tāvatiṁse deve etadavoca: 'kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti? Evaṁ vutte, kevaṭṭa, tāvatiṁsā devā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ: 'mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"ti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, sakko nāma devānamindo amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṁ jāneyya: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"'ti.
22Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena sakko devānamindo tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā sakkaṁ devānamindaṁ etadavoca: 'kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti? Evaṁ vutte, kevaṭṭa, sakko devānamindo taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca: 'ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"ti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, tusitā nāma devā … sunimmito nāma devaputto … paranimmitavasavattī nāma devā … vasavattī nāma devaputto amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṁ jāneyya: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"'ti.
23Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena vasavattī devaputto tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā vasavattiṁ devaputtaṁ etadavoca: 'kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti? Evaṁ vutte, kevaṭṭa, vasavattī devaputto taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca: 'ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"ti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā nāma devā amhehi abhikkantatarā ca paṇītatarā ca. Te kho etaṁ jāneyyuṁ: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"'ti.
24Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu tathārūpaṁ samādhiṁ samāpajji, yathāsamāhite citte brahmayāniyo maggo pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena brahmakāyikā devā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā brahmakāyike deve etadavoca: 'kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti? Evaṁ vutte, kevaṭṭa, brahmakāyikā devā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocuṁ: 'mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"ti. Atthi kho, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānaṁ amhehi abhikkantataro ca paṇītataro ca. So kho etaṁ jāneyya: "yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"'ti.
25'Kahaṁ panāvuso, etarahi so mahābrahmā'ti? 'Mayampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāma, yattha vā brahmā yena vā brahmā yahiṁ vā brahmā; api ca, bhikkhu, yathā nimittā dissanti, āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavati, brahmā pātubhavissati, brahmuno hetaṁ pubbanimittaṁ pātubhāvāya, yadidaṁ āloko sañjāyati, obhāso pātubhavatī'ti.
Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā nacirasseva pāturahosi.
26Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu yena so mahābrahmā tenupasaṅkami; upasaṅkamitvā taṁ mahābrahmānaṁ etadavoca: 'kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti? Evaṁ vutte, kevaṭṭa, so mahābrahmā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca: 'ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan'ti.
27Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṁ mahābrahmānaṁ etadavoca: 'na khohaṁ taṁ, āvuso, evaṁ pucchāmi: "tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan"ti. Evañca kho ahaṁ taṁ, āvuso, pucchāmi: "kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"'ti?
28Dutiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca: 'ahamasmi, bhikkhu, brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan'ti.
Tatiyampi kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu taṁ mahābrahmānaṁ etadavoca: 'na khohaṁ taṁ, āvuso, evaṁ pucchāmi: "tvamasi brahmā mahābrahmā abhibhū anabhibhūto aññadatthudaso vasavattī issaro kattā nimmātā seṭṭho sajitā vasī pitā bhūtabhabyānan"ti. Evañca kho ahaṁ taṁ, āvuso, pucchāmi: "kattha nu kho, āvuso, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū"'ti?
29Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, mahābrahmā taṁ bhikkhuṁ bāhāyaṁ gahetvā ekamantaṁ apanetvā taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavoca: 'ime kho maṁ, bhikkhu, brahmakāyikā devā evaṁ jānanti, "natthi kiñci brahmuno aññātaṁ, natthi kiñci brahmuno adiṭṭhaṁ, natthi kiñci brahmuno aviditaṁ, natthi kiñci brahmuno asacchikatan"ti. Tasmāhaṁ tesaṁ sammukhā na byākāsiṁ. Ahampi kho, bhikkhu, na jānāmi yatthime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātūti. Tasmātiha, bhikkhu, tuyhevetaṁ dukkaṭaṁ, tuyhevetaṁ aparaddhaṁ, yaṁ tvaṁ taṁ bhagavantaṁ atidhāvitvā bahiddhā pariyeṭṭhiṁ āpajjasi imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇāya. Gaccha tvaṁ, bhikkhu, tameva bhagavantaṁ upasaṅkamitvā imaṁ pañhaṁ puccha, yathā ca te bhagavā byākaroti, tathā naṁ dhāreyyāsī'ti.
30Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu — seyyathāpi nāma balavā puriso samiñjitaṁ vā bāhaṁ pasāreyya, pasāritaṁ vā bāhaṁ samiñjeyya; evameva brahmaloke antarahito mama purato pāturahosi. Atha kho so, kevaṭṭa, bhikkhu maṁ abhivādetvā ekamantaṁ nisīdi, ekamantaṁ nisinno kho, kevaṭṭa, so bhikkhu maṁ etadavoca: 'kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti?
4.1. Tīradassisakuṇupamā
31Evaṁ vutte, ahaṁ, kevaṭṭa, taṁ bhikkhuṁ etadavocaṁ —
bhūtapubbaṁ, bhikkhu, sāmuddikā vāṇijā tīradassiṁ sakuṇaṁ gahetvā nāvāya samuddaṁ ajjhogāhanti. Te atīradakkhiniyā nāvāya tīradassiṁ sakuṇaṁ muñcanti. So gacchateva puratthimaṁ disaṁ, gacchati dakkhiṇaṁ disaṁ, gacchati pacchimaṁ disaṁ, gacchati uttaraṁ disaṁ, gacchati uddhaṁ disaṁ, gacchati anudisaṁ. Sace so samantā tīraṁ passati, tathāgatakova hoti. Sace pana so samantā tīraṁ na passati, tameva nāvaṁ paccāgacchati.
Evameva kho tvaṁ, bhikkhu, yato yāva brahmalokā pariyesamāno imassa pañhassa veyyākaraṇaṁ nājjhagā, atha mamaññeva santike paccāgato. Na kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho evaṁ pucchitabbo: 'kattha nu kho, bhante, ime cattāro mahābhūtā aparisesā nirujjhanti, seyyathidaṁ — pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū'ti?
32Evañca kho eso, bhikkhu, pañho pucchitabbo:
33
'Kattha āpo ca pathavī,
tejo vāyo na gādhati;
Kattha dīghañca rassañca,
aṇuṁ thūlaṁ subhāsubhaṁ;
Kattha nāmañca rūpañca,
asesaṁ uparujjhatī'ti.
34Tatra veyyākaraṇaṁ bhavati:
35
'Viññāṇaṁ anidassanaṁ,
anantaṁ sabbatopabhaṁ;
Ettha āpo ca pathavī,
tejo vāyo na gādhati.
36
Ettha dīghañca rassañca,
aṇuṁ thūlaṁ subhāsubhaṁ;
Ettha nāmañca rūpañca,
asesaṁ uparujjhati;
Viññāṇassa nirodhena,
etthetaṁ uparujjhatī'"ti.
37Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamano kevaṭṭo gahapatiputto bhagavato bhāsitaṁ abhinandīti.
Kevaṭṭasuttaṁ niṭṭhitaṁ ekādasamaṁ.