1Mendicants, there are these four things. What four?

There are things that should be completely understood by direct knowledge. There are things that should be given up by direct knowledge. There are things that should be developed by direct knowledge. There are things that should be realized by direct knowledge.

2And what are the things that should be completely understood by direct knowledge? The five grasping aggregates. These are called the things that should be completely understood by direct knowledge.

3And what are the things that should be given up by direct knowledge? Ignorance and craving for continued existence. These are called the things that should be given up by direct knowledge.

4And what are the things that should be developed by direct knowledge? Serenity and discernment. These are called the things that should be developed by direct knowledge.

5And what are the things that should be realized by direct knowledge? Knowledge and freedom. These are called the things that should be realized by direct knowledge.

These are the four things.”

1"Cattārome, bhikkhave, dhammā. Katame cattāro?

Atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pariññeyyā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pahātabbā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā bhāvetabbā; atthi, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā sacchikātabbā.

2Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pariññeyyā? Pañcupādānakkhandhā – ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pariññeyyā.

3Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pahātabbā? Avijjā ca bhavataṇhā ca – ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā pahātabbā.

4Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā bhāvetabbā? Samatho ca vipassanā ca – ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā bhāvetabbā.

5Katame ca, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā sacchikātabbā? Vijjā ca vimutti ca – ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, dhammā abhiññā sacchikātabbā.

Ime kho, bhikkhave, cattāro dhammā"ti.

Paṭhamaṁ.